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. 2017 Oct 10;54(13):4324–4334. doi: 10.1007/s13197-017-2903-2

Table 5.

Free fatty acid of pig liver pâté elaborated with healthy oils and natural antioxidants (mean of five replicates)

(mg/100 g fat) Days Batches Sig.
CON BRE CLE PSE
C12:0 0 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01 0.01 ± 0.01 n.s.
160 0.06 ± 0.01β 0.06 ± 0.01β 0.47 ± 1.06 0.18 ± 0.39 n.s.
Sig. *** *** n.s. n.s.
C14:0 0 0.23 ± 0.05abα 0.22 ± 0.05abα 0.18 ± 0.03 0.26 ± 0.05 *
160 0.74 ± 0.27β 0.85 ± 0.25β 0.62 ± 0.09β 0.72 ± 0.31β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C15:0 0 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01 n.s.
160 0.10 ± 0.06β 0.06 ± 0.04 0.07 ± 0.04β 0.06 ± 0.04 n.s.
Sig. ** n.s. * n.s.
C16:0 0 3.69 ± 0.65α 3.72 ± 0.62α 2.83 ± 1.22α 3.75 ± 0.64α n.s.
160 12.25 ± 1.53β 12.96 ± 2.94β 11.39 ± 2.56β 11.86 ± 4.45β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C16:1n7 0 0.40 ± 0.05 0.40 ± 0.05abα 0.35 ± 0.05 0.43 ± 0.05 *
160 1.45 ± 0.28β 1.70 ± 0.56β 1.21 ± 0.46β 1.49 ± 0.46β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C17:0 0 0.08 ± 0.02abα 0.06 ± 0.03 0.07 ± 0.02 0.09 ± 0.02 *
160 0.23 ± 0.05β 0.22 ± 0.11β 0.18 ± 0.07β 0.26 ± 0.05β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C17:1n7 0 0.05 ± 0.01α 0.05 ± 0.01 0.04 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.02α n.s.
160 0.12 ± 0.09β 0.13 ± 0.10 0.10 ± 0.04β 0.17 ± 0.04β n.s.
Sig. * n.s. 0.002 ***
C18:0 0 1.87 ± 0.35α 1.94 ± 0.28α 1.56 ± 0.22α 1.85 ± 0.42α n.s.
160 6.46 ± 1.07β 6.48 ± 1.17β 6.16 ± 1.29β 6.56 ± 1.15β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C18:1n9c 0 5.37 ± 1.12α 5.27 ± 0.94α 4.64 ± 0.84α 5.23 ± 1.11α n.s.
160 19.90 ± 4.41β 20.66 ± 8.03β 14.51 ± 5.01β 19.48 ± 6.03β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C18:1n7c 0 0.32 ± 0.04α 0.33 ± 0.06α 0.29 ± 0.04α 0.35 ± 0.06α n.s.
160 1.38 ± 0.27β 1.49 ± 0.47β 1.18 ± 0.26β 1.43 ± 0.32β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C18:2n6c 0 1.72 ± 0.30α 1.87 ± 0.32α 1.81 ± 0.61α 1.82 ± 0.26α n.s.
160 7.37 ± 1.50β 7.73 ± 2.49β 5.91 ± 1.98β 7.93 ± 2.02β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C20:0 0 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01α n.s.
160 0.17 ± 0.08β 0.24 ± 0.16β 0.14 ± 0.07β 0.40 ± 0.33β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** **
C18:3n6 0 0.02 ± 0.01α 0.02 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01 n.s.
160 0.17 ± 0.15β 0.12 ± 0.08β 0.14 ± 0.09β 0.65 ± 1.40 n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** n.s.
C20:1n9 0 0.14 ± 0.04 0.14 ± 0.09 0.13 ± 0.02 0.23 ± 0.10 **
160 0.86 ± 0.23 0.87 ± 0.38 0.45 ± 0.18 0.75 ± 0.33 *
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C18:3n3 0 0.14 ± 0.04α 0.17 ± 0.06α 0.16 ± 0.03α 0.18 ± 0.07α n.s.
160 0.69 ± 0.09 0.67 ± 0.18 0.44 ± 0.15 0.69 ± 0.20 **
Sig. *** *** *** ***
9c,11t-CLΑ 0 0.05 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01α 0.05 ± 0.01α n.s.
160 0.17 ± 0.10β 0.15 ± 0.02β 0.18 ± 0.03β 0.16 ± 0.02β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C20:2n6 0 0.05 ± 0.02α 0.06 ± 0.01α 0.06 ± 0.01α 0.07 ± 0.02α n.s.
160 0.24 ± 0.10β 0.28 ± 0.10β 0.18 ± 0.06β 0.24 ± 0.10β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C22:0 0 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01α 0.01 ± 0.01α n.s.
160 0.09 ± 0.02β 0.09 ± 0.02β 0.09 ± 0.02β 0.10 ± 0.02β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C20:3n6 0 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.04 ± 0.01α 0.03 ± 0.01α 0.03 ± 0.01α n.s.
160 0.12 ± 0.03β 0.17 ± 0.06β 0.17 ± 0.09β 0.24 ± 0.23β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** *
C20:4n6 0 0.28 ± 0.04α 0.31 ± 0.05α 0.31 ± 0.06α 0.31 ± 0.08α n.s.
160 1.25 ± 0.27β 1.35 ± 0.41β 1.01 ± 0.46β 1.20 ± 0.31β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C20:5n3 0 0.11 ± 0.02α 0.14 ± 0.05α 0.17 ± 0.08α 0.16 ± 0.05α n.s.
160 0.68 ± 0.17 0.76 ± 0.31 0.33 ± 0.16 0.65 ± 0.26 **
Sig. *** *** * ***
C22:5n3 0 0.07 ± 0.01α 0.08 ± 0.02α 0.08 ± 0.01α 0.10 ± 0.03α n.s.
160 0.40 ± 0.10 0.47 ± 0.19 0.24 ± 0.11 0.39 ± 0.15 *
Sig. *** *** *** ***
C22:6n3 0 0.25 ± 0.05 0.29 ± 0.17 0.39 ± 0.16ab 0.50 ± 0.18abα **
160 1.89 ± 0.63 1.96 ± 1.04 0.59 ± 0.40ª 1.58 ± 0.94 **
Sig. *** *** n.s. **
SFΑ 0 5.99 ± 1.00 6.07 ± 0.91 4.76 ± 1.31 6.10 ± 1.09abα *
160 21.20 ± 5.05β 21.08 ± 4.43β 19.49 ± 3.92β 20.41 ± 5.49β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
MUFΑ 0 6.51 ± 1.21α 6.38 ± 1.02α 5.61 ± 0.86α 6.55 ± 1.25ª n.s.
160 24.44 ± 5.34β 25.57 ± 9.66β 18.34 ± 5.90β 24.16 ± 7.11β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
PUFΑ 0 2.74 ± 0.34α 3.05 ± 0.48α 3.07 ± 0.65α 3.25 ± 0.51ª n.s.
160 12.13 ± 4.34β 13.95 ± 4.66β 9.39 ± 3.11β 13.99 ± 3.32β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
n3 0 0.59 ± 0.10 0.70 ± 0.26 0.81 ± 0.24abα 0.95 ± 0.32 *
160 3.55 ± 1.22 4.08 ± 1.70 1.71 ± 0.85 3.52 ± 1.59 *
Sig. *** *** ** ***
n6 0 2.11 ± 0.33α 2.31 ± 0.36α 2.22 ± 0.62α 2.25 ± 0.32α n.s.
160 8.35 ± 3.51β 9.71 ± 3.09β 7.50 ± 2.44β 10.33 ± 2.08β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***
Total 0 15.25 ± 2.29α 15.50 ± 2.30α 13.44 ± 2.47α 15.90 ± 2.41α n.s.
160 57.80 ± 8.86β 60.62 ± 18.36β 47.49 ± 10.95β 58.68 ± 14.07β n.s.
Sig. *** *** *** ***

Results are expressed as mean value ± standard deviation

a,bMean values in the same row (corresponding to the same storage time) not followed by a common letter differ significantly (P < 0.05)

α,γMean values in the sαme column (corresponding to the same batch) for each fatty acid or sum of fatty acid not followed by a common letter differ significantly (P < 0.05)

Βatches: CON control, ΒRE beer residue extract, CLE chestnut leave extract, PSE peanut skin extract

Sig: significance: *** (P < 0.001), ** (P < 0.01), * (P < 0.05), n.s. (not significant)