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. 2017 Nov 14;7:15564. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15725-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Plasma treatment enhanced PD-L1 expression in HaCaT cells. (a) LPS-stimulated and LTP-stimulated HaCaT cells induced higher PD-L1 expression than did the untreated HaCaT cells. LPS/LTP-stimulated HaCaT cells had more increased expression of PD-L1 than LTP only- or LPS only-stimulated cells. (b) The percentage of PD-L1 positive cells are indicated as a graph. Transcript levels of PD-L1 were also determined by real-time PCR. LTP treatment into (c) TNF- α/IFN-γ-stimulated or (d) LPS-stimulated HaCaT cells enhanced PD-L1 gene expression. Three independent experiments were performed. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005.