Table 1.

Comparison of various physiological and biochemical parameters of S. obliquus exposed to CNTs, nano Fe₂O₃ and nano MgO.

	NPs (mg·L−1)	Chlorophyll (mg·L−1)	Chlorophyll (μg/108 cells)	Protein (μg/107 cells)	Soluble sugars (μg/107 cells)	Fv/Fm	rETRmax
CNTs	0	5.52 ± 0.24	8.12 ± 0.35	1.29 ± 0.12	1.79 ± 0.14	0.595 ± 0.012	144.17 ± 1.12
	2.5	5.92 ± 0.45	8.56 ± 0.65	1.32 ± 0.25	2.32 ± 0.45*	0.605 ± 0.006	121.67 ± 6.94*
	5	6.92 ± 0.17*	9.28 ± 0.23*	1.36 ± 0.23	2.31 ± 0.27*	0.590 ± 0.014	134.33 ± 7.45
	10	5.80 ± 0.42	8.94 ± 0.65*	1.39 ± 0.20	2.16 ± 0.24*	0.530 ± 0.041*	114..34 ± 1.04*
	15	4.09 ± 0.39*	6.41 ± 0.61*	1.20 ± 0.17	2.60 ± 0.43*	0.333 ± 0.027*	70.78 ± 2.19*
	40	3.99 ± 0.19*	6.40 ± 0.30*	1.19 ± 0.07	2.01 ± 0.17*	0.351 ± 0.006*	87.53 ± 1.14*
Nano Fe2O3	0	4.66 ± 0.14	5.47 ± 0.11	1.57 ± 0.21	2.29 ± 0.12	0.570 ± 0.022	1517.33 ± 66.24
	2	4.75 ± 0.24	6.14 ± 0.18*	1.98 ± 0.11*	2.82 ± 0.22*	0.546 ± 0.036	1149.67 ± 103.94*
	5	5.67 ± 0.08*	6.15 ± 0.08*	1.72 ± 0.28	3.56 ± 0.43*	0.535 ± 0.064	1327.57 ± 94.47*
	10	5.18 ± 0.19*	5.88 ± 0.52	2.19 ± 0.32*	3.89 ± 0.17*	0.537 ± 0.020*	583.24 ± 81.05*
	20	4.87 ± 0.00*	5.13 ± 0.36	1.99 ± 0.23*	3.20 ± 0.25*	0.533 ± 0.047*	710.15 ± 21.13*
	40	4.47 ± 0.20	3.84 ± 0.09*	1.82 ± 0.03*	3.34 ± 0.37*	0.503 ± 0.005*	540.17 ± 12.14*
	60	4.30 ± 0.24*	3.76 ± 0.10*	1.92 ± 0.24*	4.04 ± 0.52*	0.492 ± 0.001*	368.67 ± 17.54*
	100	4.18 ± 0.26*	3.99 ± 0.17*	1.85 ± 0.09*	3.72 ± 0.65*	0.452 ± 0.001*	334.33 ± 56.50*
Nano MgO	0	4.39 ± 0.35	15.62 ± 1.25	3.67 ± 0.12	4.08 ± 0.05	0.555 ± 0.002	283.17 ± 11.30
	0.8	1.17 ± 0.16*	5.38 ± 0.74*	4.64 ± 0.08*	5.34 ± .03*	0.365 ± 0.006*	240.16 ± 5.36*
	8	0.68 ± 0.11*	3.75 ± 0.61*	5.21 ± 0.18*	5.06 ± 0.09*	0.390 ± 0.004*	210.34 ± 5.31*
	40	0.85 ± 0.12*	5.14 ± 0.73*	3.99 ± 0.20*	8.40 ± 0.17*	0.280 ± 0.001*	134.46 ± 3.28*
	100	0.55 ± 0.02*	9.36 ± 0.34*	8.14 ± 0.72*	12.52 ± 0.58*	0.133 ± 0.007*	44.88 ± 2.30*

Data are represented as mean ± SD from triplicate samples (n = 3). Significant difference (p < 0.05) between treatments was indicated by asterisks.