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. 2017 Nov 14;7:15560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15505-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of MSC-EVs on growth factor expression in DP cells. (A) Cultured DP cells were treated with MSC-EVs for 24 h, and gene expression was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. β-Actin was used as an internal control. (B,C) The relative levels of VEGF and IGF-1 mRNA were quantitated from three independent experiments each. (D,E) VEGF and IGF-1 concentrations in conditioned media after 24 h of MSC-EV treatment were measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001. Student t-test was used.