Table 4.

Bone-to-Implant Contact (BIC) Values.

Author	Year	Number of implants per group	BIC		BA		Biomechanical test
			control	test	control	test	control	test
Offermanns et al.#	2016	15	65.2 ± 10.4	78.2 ± 9.6*	23.8 ± 4.2	44.6 ± 9.4*	NR
Zhang et al.	2016	6	49.6 ± 6.5	58.7 ± 7.1**	29.5 ± 8.6	60.8 ± 10.3**	NR
Fan et al.	2016	8	64 ± 5.9	77.1 ± 7.0*	6.3 ± 6.5	0.8 ± 1.7	★41.1 ± 8.2	★56.8 ± 18.6*
Dang et al.	2016	8	59.5 ± 3.2	63.2 ± 0.1*	NR		10.8 ± 1.2	24.6 ± 2.4**
Tao et al.	2016a	10	17.2 ± 2.0	37.1 ± 2.3*	18.3 ± 0.9	33.7 ± 2.1*	121.2 ± 11.4	168.9 ± 22.2*
Tao et al.	2016b	10	34.6 ± 0.7	62.5 ± 3.0*	31.3 ± 0.8	47.32 ± 2.3*	126.3 ± 12.3	219.5 ± 21.8*
Zhang et al.	2015	6	51 ± 6.6	58.6 ± 2.9*	28.6 ± 6.2	44.5 ± 9.7*	NR
Li et al.	2015	10	39.7 ± 6.0	46.1 ± 5.5*	NR		108.9 ± 46.5	136.9 ± 21.7*
Offermanns et al.#	2015	12	27.8 ± 1.7	45.6 ± 2.2**	17.8 ± 2.2	24.4 ± 7.8*	NR
Andersen et al.#	2013	5	0 ± 1.2	18 ± 14.3**	0 ± 5.1	22 ± 7.3*	NR
Zhang et al.	2013	6	37 ± 8.7	51.2 ± 9.1*	40.6 ± 5.7	55.2 ± 9.8*	229.08 ± 59.0	388.84 ± 100.5**
Park et al.	2012	10	75.4 ± 5.4	84.6 ± 5.1**	57.3 ± 9.4	60.9 ± 10	NR
Yan et al.#	2012	12	58.8 ± 4.7	65.1 ± 4.9*	NR		119.23 ± 3.9	142.31 ± 9.6*
M. Ballo et al.	2012	10	26.4 ± 10.7	35.7 ± 12.9*	25.7 ± 2.9	32.9 ± 9.3*	NR
FU et al.	2012	10	72.2 ± 12.8	87.7 ± 2.8*	9.3 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 1.5	NR
Park et al.	2010	7	47.3 ± 10.4	60.1 ± 10.2*	46.7 ± 10.7	46.6 ± 6.5	★1.6 ± 0.9	★2.6 ± 1.2*
Li et al.	2010	10	42.5 ± 4.1	63 ± 6.7*	25.2 ± 2.2	42.73 ± 4.3*	38.7 ± 5.3	80.2 ± 9.9**

Values are shown as mean ± SD; ^#values are presented as median value ± interquartile range;

BIC, BA values in %; pull-out test values in N; ★removal torque testing values in Ncm;

*p Value < 0.05; **p Value < 0.01; NR: not reported.