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. 2017 Nov 14;7:15574. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15773-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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UV irradiation stimulated both central and cutaneous HPA axes. Serum levels of (a) CORT and (c) ACTH were measured using ELISA assay. (b) MC2R, STAR, and CYP11B1 mRNA levels in the adrenal glands, and (d) CRH mRNA expression levels in the hypothalamus were measured using RT-qPCR. (e) UCN and POMC expression levels in mouse skin with or without ultraviolet radiation exposure were examined using immunohistochemistry. Scale bars: 50 µm under 400x magnification. (f) The mRNA expression levels of UCN, POMC, MC2R, and CYP11B1 in the skin were analyzed using RT-qPCR. All relative mRNA levels were normalized to those of the endogenous control GAPDH. Graphs show means ± SEM (n = 8mice/group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences between groups. ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone; CORT, corticosterone; CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; CYP11B1, cytochrome P450 family 11 subfamily B member 1; MC2R, melanocortin 2 receptor; POMC, pro-opiomelanocortin; STAR, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein; UCN, urocortin.