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. 2017 Sep 20;159(12):2341–2350. doi: 10.1007/s00701-017-3323-9

Table 7.

Defensive behaviors in respondents

Characteristic N (%)*
Actions performed solely to minimize the risk of a lawsuit
 Ordered laboratory tests 5 (11.1)
 Referred patients 13 (28.9)
 Prescribed medications 4 (8.8)
 Suggested a procedure 3 (6.7)
 Ordered imaging 29 (64.4)
 Other 3 (6.7)
Frequency of actions performed by respondents for defensive purposes*
Order extra lab tests Order extra imaging Obtain previous consultations Refer to colleagues
 Always 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0) 0 (0.0)
 Very often 1 (2.2) 5 (11.1) 1 (2.2) 1 (2.2)
 Sometimes 6 (13.3) 17 (37.8) 13 (28.9) 6 (13.3)
 Rarely 19 (42.2) 18 (40.0) 22 (48.9) 22 (48.9)
 Never 19 (42.2) 5 (11.1) 8 (17.8) 16 (35.6)

*Sums of percentages lower or higher than 100% are the result of respondents skipping questions or selecting multiple answers, respectively