Table 1.

Summary of the 25 investigated NLMEM models

Model characteristic	Categories/mean value (range)
Type of model	10 PK, 15 PD (total 25)
Type of data	21 continuous, 4 categorical
Number of estimated parameters	15 (1–39)
Proportion of random effects (%)	27 (0–77)
Number of individuals	115 (6–551)
Number of observations	4076 (58–47,784)
Number of observations/individual	28 (1–102)
Estimation method	3 FO, 5 FOCE, 10 FOCEI, 7 LAPLACE

PK pharmacokinetic, PD pharmacodynamic, FO first-order, FOCE first-order conditional estimation, FOCEI first-order conditional estimation with interaction