Table 1.
Summary of Functional Observations.
| Male Rats − Day 85/86 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | G1 & G1 (R) | G2 | G3 | G4 & G4 (R) | |
| Treated with | Vehicle |
Citrus aurantium Extract 50% p-Synephrine |
|||
| Dose (mg/kg/day) | 0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
| No. of animals in the group | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | |
| Findings | Incidence (No. of animals with findings) | ||||
| Home Cage & Open Field | |||||
| Posture/Movement | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Respiration | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Palpebral closure | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Lacrimation | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Salivation | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Skin & hair coat | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Locomotor activity | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Gait | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Urination frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 2.20 | 1.80 | 2.00 | 2.13 |
| ± S.D. | 0.68 | 0.79 | 0.67 | 0.64 | |
| Defecation Frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 2.20 | 1.60 | 2.10 | 1.67 |
| ± S.D. | 0.68 | 0.52 | 0.74 | 0.72 | |
| Rearing Frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 1.93 | 2.50 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| ± S.D. | 0.80 | 0.53 | 0.82 | 0.76 | |
| Manipulative | |||||
| Touch response | Normal | 12 | 7 | 8 | 10 |
| Exaggerated | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | |
| Tail pinch response | Normal | 7 | 6 | 5 | 10 |
| Exaggerated | 8 | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Slow | – | 1 | – | – | |
| Pupil constriction in response to light | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Righting reflex | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Auditory response | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Head shaking | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Landing foot splay (cm) # | Mean | 6.39 | 5.88 | 6.09 | 6.25 |
| ± S.D. | 0.26 | 0.84 | 0.39 | 0.25 | |
| Grip strength − Fore limb | Mean | 506.22 | 518.20 | 461.71S− | 526.12 S+ |
| ± S.D. | 37.97 | 27.02 | 32.27 | 60.70 | |
| Female Rats − Day 87/89/90 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | G1 & G1 (R) | G2 | G3 | G4 & G4 (R) | |
| Treated with | Vehicle |
Citrus aurantium Extract 50% p-Synephrine |
|||
| Dose (mg/kg/day) | 0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
| No. of animals in the group | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 | |
| Findings | Incidence (No. of animals with findings) | ||||
| Home Cage & Open Field | |||||
| Posture/Movement | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Respiration | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Palpebral closure | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Lacrimation | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Salivation | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Skin & hair coat | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Locomotor activity | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Gait | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Urination frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 2.07 | 2.20 | 2.20 | 2.07 |
| ± S.D. | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.70 | |
| Defecation Frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 1.67 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.80 |
| ± S.D. | 0.62 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.56 | |
| Rearing Frequency (in 3 min) # | Mean | 1.60 | 1.80 | 1.80 | 1.93 |
| ± S.D. | 0.74 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.70 | |
| Manipulative | |||||
| Touch response | Normal | 12 | 9 | 9 | 14 |
| Exaggerated | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Tail pinch response | Normal | 8 | 5 | 7 | 11 |
| Exaggerated | 7 | 5 | 3 | 4 | |
| Pupil constriction in response to light | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Righting reflex | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Auditory response | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Head shaking | Normal | 15 | 10 | 10 | 15 |
| Landing foot splay (cm) # | Mean | 5.67 | 5.92 | 5.97 | 5.85 |
| ± S.D. | 0.48 | 0.39 | 0.50 | 0.53 | |
| Grip strength − Fore limb # | Mean | 382.53 | 362.26 | 381.23 | 367.88 |
| ± S.D. | 16.67 | 18.44 | 16.97 | 18.14 | |
Vehicle −0.5% (w/v) Carboxymethyl Cellulose, aqueous.
# Measured parameters of treated rats do not differ significantly (P > 0.05) from those of the control group.
S+/S-: Group mean value is significantly (P<0.05) higher/lower than the respective value of the vehicle control group.