Fig. 1.

High-throughput AST chip. (A) A schematic of high-throughput antimicrobial susceptibility testing using AST-Chip. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the chip can be conducted in 12 h; Microarray micrograph of S. aureus cultures formed on hydrogel spots of AST-Chip after 12–18 h. The spots are interspaced at 1 mm with a spot diameter of 0.5 mm; The nano-biofilms analyzed using FUN-1 is demonstrated in green color; (B) BacLight live/dead assay shows metabolically active cells in yellow-orange color, present as colonies. The scale bar is 100 μm; (C) SEM micrograph of S. aureus nano-biofilm colonies. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)