Table 2.
SSB Consumption and Risk of T2DM
| Author | Cohort/Location | Participants |
Average Follow-up Period | Mean SSB Intake/d | Risk of T2DM | P Value for Trend | Confounder Adjustment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age (Mean/Range), y | Sex | |||||||
| De Koning et al. (42) | HPFS; United States | 40,389 (2680 developed diabetes) | 40–75 | M and F | 20 y | 887 mL/d | HR, 1.25 (95% CI, 1.11–1.39) vs nonconsumers | <0.01 | Yes |
| Fagherazzi et al. (5) | E3N study; France | 66,118 | 52.6 ± 6.6 | F | 14 y | 328.3 mL/d | HR, 1.34 (95% CI, 1.05–1.71) vs nonconsumers | 0.0002 | Yes |
| The InterAct Consortium (37) | EPIC database; 8 European countries | 11,684 | 41–62 | M and F | 16 y | <1 glass/mo to ≥1 glass/d | HR, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.09–1.38) increase with one serving of SSB | 0.86 | Yes |
| Lofvenborg et al. (10) | ESTRID study; Sweden | 2864 | 45.2–71.8 | M and F | 5 y | None to >2 servings/d | OR increased to 2.39 (95% CI, 1.39–4.09); 20% increase with each additional serving | Not available | Yes |
| Maki et al. (43) | 43 (n = 21 for SSB) | 53.8 ± 2.1 | M and F | 14 wk | 2160 ± 91.7 kcal/d | SSB consumption is associated with less favorable values for T2DM risk | Not available | Yes | |
| Palmer et al. (39) | Black Women’s Health Study, United States | 43,960 | 29–49 | F | 10 y | <1 to ≥2/d | Incident rate ratio was 1.51 (95% CI, 1.31–1.75) vs fruit juice | 0.002 | Yes |
| Sakurai et al. (41) | Japan | 2037 | 35–55 | M | 7 y | 0 to ≥1 serving/d | HR, 1.34 (0.72– 2.36), ≥ 1 serving/d vs rare/never | 0.424 | Yes |
| Teshima et al. (44) | Mihama Diabetes Prevention Study; Japan | 93 | 40–69 | M and F | 3.6 ± 0.2 y | No intake to daily intake | OR, 3.26 (95% CI, 1.17–9.06) vs no SSB intake | 0.001 | No |
| Odegaard et al. (36) | Singapore | 43,580 | 45–74 | M and F | 5.7 y | None to 2–3 servings/wk | RR, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.25–1.62) vs no SSB intake | P-trend < 0.0001 | Yes |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ESTRID, Epidemiological Study of Risk Factors for LADA and Type 2 Diabetes; E3N, Etude Epidémiologique auprès des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale; F, female; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-up Study; HR, hazard ratio; M, male; OR, odds ratio; RR, relative risk.