CD19 deficiency leads to reemergence of T cell-associated functions. Brains and spinal cords harvested from uninfected (day 0 p.i.) and infected WT and CD19−/− mice at the indicated times p.i. were analyzed for mRNA encoding cytokines and chemokines associated with regulation of humoral responses. The data represent the means and SEM of transcript levels relative to gapdh mRNA of individual mice from 2 or 3 separate experiments, each comprising 2 to 6 individual mice per time point and group. Statistically significant differences between WT and CD19−/− mice, determined by unpaired t test, are denoted by asterisks: *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001.