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. 2017 Nov 14;18:449. doi: 10.1186/s12891-017-1815-7

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© The Author(s). 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Flowchart of the present study. Human knee synovial tissue was obtained from five patients under arthroscopic surgery. After primary culture, several doses of Hb-treatment were administered. The culture medium was used for Western blotting and ELISA analysis for time-course and dose-dependent studies. Cells were used for real-time PCR analysis of the time-course study. The results shown are typical of several independent experiments (N = 6). Hb: hemoglobin. ELISA: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Real-time PCR: Real-time polymerase chain reaction