Table 2.
Global data of countries affected by NTDs, drugs donated, burden of each disease, and number of patent families
| Neglected Tropical Diseases (PCT/IDM) | Number of countries | Disease burden | Preventive Chemotherapy/Intensified disease management | Effectiveness of current interventions | Total granted/patent families | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence | Prevalence | DALYS | Prevention | Treatment | Resistance | Donated | Prevention | Treatment | |||
| Human African trypanosomiasis (IDM) |
13 | 7,013 | 10,687 | 202,400 | Vector control and effective disease surveillance. | Pentamidine and Suramin (First stage treatment) | Yes [33] | No | Low | High | 41/198 |
| Leishmaniasis (IDM) | 10 | 1,051,824 | 3,859,307 | 3,859,307 | Vector control and effective disease surveillance. Social mobilization and strengthening partnerships. | Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, fluconazole, itraconazole | Yes [34] | No | Low | High/Low | 740/2652 |
| Leprosy(PCT) | 136 | 57,405 | 514,203 | 31,000 | BCG Vaccination | Multidrug therapy | Yes [35] | No | Low | High | 522/2206 |
| Lymphatic filariasis (PCT) | 73 | No data | 38,464,150 | 2,075,000 | Albendazole through MDA programs. Mosquito control is a supplemental strategy supported by WHO. | Albendazole with either ivemectin or diethylcarbamazine | Yes [36] | Yes | High | High | 69/287 |
| Onchocerciasis (PCT) | 31 | No data | 15,531,530 | 1,135,700 | Ivermectin through MDA programs. Vector control. | Ivermectin | Yes [37] | Yes | High | High | 88/313 |
| Rabies | 150 | 18,312 | 704 | 931,600 | Integrated bite case management, Preventive immunization (vaccination) |
Post-exposure prophylaxis, Integrated bite case management |
No | No | High | High | 569/2694 |
| Schistosomiasis (PCT) | 78 | No data | 252,339,520 | 2,613,300 | Praziquantel through MDA programs. Additionally, access to safe water, improved sanitation, hygiene education, and snail control. | Praziquantel | Yes [38] | Yes | High | High | 321/1722 |
| Soil-transmitted helminthes (PCT) | 118 | No data | 761,893,771 | 3,378,300 | Albendazole/Mebendazole through MDA programs. Health education and improvement in personal hygiene are essential components of prevention. | Albendazole/Mebendazole | Probably [39] | No | High | High | 83/584 |
PCT Preventive chemotherapy and transmission control
IDM innovative and intensified disease management
MDA mass drug administration
N/A not applicable
SAFE surgery for advanced disease, antibiotics to clear Chlamydia trachomatis infection, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement to reduce transmission
Sources: 1) The disease burden disability adjusted life years (DALYS) (the sum of years lost due to premature death (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs)), Incidence (the total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time), and Prevalence (the number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population), values -2015 were obtained from Global Health Data Exchange [43] and [14], 2) The number of countries and drugs used (Preventive Chemotherapy and Transmission Control; and Innovative and Intensified Disease Management) were obtained from WHO fact sheets [44], 3) Data on number of patent families was retrieved from Patseer database, 4) Efficacy/effectiveness/efficiency notes were obtained from the Third WHO Report on Neglected Tropical Diseases [45]