Table 3.
Estimated linear changes in hematologic parameters per unit increase in ln-transformed blood BTEXS concentrations (ng/L).
| Populati on |
Hematologic Parameter |
Benzene (n=142) |
Toluene (n=144) |
Ethylbenze ne (n=106) |
o-Xylene (n=142) |
m/p-Xylene (n=146) |
Styrene (n=141) |
||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V al u e |
Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V al u e |
Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V al u e |
Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V al u e |
Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V al u e |
Ef fe ct E sti m at e |
St an da rd Er ro r |
P - V a l u e |
||
| Tobacco Smoke- Unexposed** | RBC (×10E6/uL) | −0.01 | 0.06 | 0.8 | −0.03 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.9 | −0.10 | 0.06 | 0.10 | −0.1 | 0.04 | 0.2 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 02 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | −0.36 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.8 | −0.15 | 0.17 | 0.4 | −0.32 | 0.15 | 0.03 | −0.17 | 0.11 | 0.1 | −0.03 | 0.07 | 0.7 | |
| Hematocrit (%) | −0.39 | 0.42 | 0.3 | −0.05 | 0.39 | 0.9 | −0.26 | 0.50 | 0.6 | −1.16 | 0.42 | 0.01 | −0.74 | 0.31 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.9 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (fL) | −1.07 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 0.31 | 0.69 | 0.7 | −0.92 | 0.88 | 0.3 | −0.80 | 0.75 | 0.3 | −0.75 | 0.56 | 0.18 | −0.68 | 0.37 | 0.07 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (g/dL) | −0.39 | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.5 | −0.06 | 0.15 | 0.7 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.3 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.05 | −0.05 | 0.08 | 0.5 | |
| Red Cell Distribution Width (%) | 0.38 | 0.14 | 0.01 | −0.09 | 0.13 | 0.5 | 0.02 | 0.16 | 0.9 | −0.13 | 0.14 | 0.4 | −0.13 | 0.11 | 0.2 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.3 | |
| Platelets (×10E6/uL) | −8.74 | 8.04 | 0.3 | −18.66 | 7.36 | 0.01 | −16.73 | 9.49 | 0.08 | −17.03 | 8.19 | 0.04 | −14.28 | 6.10 | 0.02 | −6.08 | 4.22 | 0.15 | |
| WBC (×10E3/uL)* | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.3 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.9 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.8 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.9 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.4 | |
| Neutrophils (×10E3/uL)* | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.4 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.4 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.4 | |
| Lymphocytes (×10E3/uL)* | 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.4 | −0.04 | 0.03 | 0.2 | −0.03 | 0.04 | 0.4 | −0.02 | 0.04 | 0.6 | −0.03 | 0.03 | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.3 | |
| Monocytes (×10E3/uL)* | −0.04 | 0.06 | 0.5 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.9 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.2 | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.4 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
| Eosinophils (×10E3/uL)*§ | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.9 | −0.09 | 0.11 | 0.4 | −0.05 | 0.09 | 0.6 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 1.0 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.3 | |
| Population | Hematologic Parameter | Benzene (n=241) | Toluene (n=244) | Ethylbenze ne (n=181) | o-Xylene (n=237) | m/p-Xylene (n=241) | Styrene(n=234) | ||||||||||||
| Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | Effect Estimate | Standard Error | P-Value | ||
| Tobacco Smoke-Exposed *** | RBC (×10E6/uL) | 0.06 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.006 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.5 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 0.39 | 0.07 | <.0001 | 0.43 | 0.08 | <.0001 | 0.44 | 0.12 | 0.0002 | 0.47 | 0.12 | 0.0001 | 0.47 | 0.11 | <.0001 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.05 | |
| Hematocrit (%) | 0.98 | 0.19 | <.0001 | 1.11 | 0.22 | <.0001 | 1.25 | 0.30 | <.0001 | 1.23 | 0.32 | 0.000 | 1.25 | 0.28 | <.0001 | 0.41 | 0.20 | 0.04 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume (fL) | 1.02 | 0.38 | 0.01 | 0.83 | 0.45 | 0.06 | 0.80 | 0.52 | 0.12 | 0.72 | 0.65 | 0.3 | 0.90 | 0.55 | 0.10 | 0.59 | 0.38 | 0.12 | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (g/dL) | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.5 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.5 | |
| Red Cell Distribution Width (%) | −0.11 | 0.07 | 0.09 | −0.10 | 0.08 | 0.2 | −0.14 | 0.11 | 0.19 | −0.22 | 0.11 | 0.04 | −0.13 | 0.10 | 0.17 | −0.05 | 0.07 | 0.5 | |
| Platelets (×10E6/uL) | 5.85 | 3.93 | 0.14 | 4.23 | 4.48 | 0.3 | 5.76 | 6.48 | 0.4 | −1.36 | 6.46 | 0.8 | 3.77 | 5.50 | 0.5 | −1.56 | 4.01 | 0.7 | |
| WBC (×10E3/uL)* | 0.10 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.10 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.0004 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.0002 | 0.10 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.08 | |
| Neutrophils (×10E3/uL)* | 0.11 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.11 | 0.03 | 0.000 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 012 | |
| Lymphocytes (×10E3/uL)* | 0.09 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.11 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.13 | 0.03 | <.0001 | 0.13 | 0.03 | <.0001 | 0.13 | 0.02 | <.0001 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.1 | |
| Monocytes (×10E3/uL)* | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.03 | <.0001 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.006 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.001 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.0001 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.08 | |
| Eosinophils (×10E3/uL)*§ | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.3 | |
All models adjusted for sex (male, female), age in years (<35,35–50,>50), race (White, Black, Other), Body Mass Index (<24.9,25.0–29.9,>30), alcohol consumption (not current drinker, fewer than 7 drinks per week, more than 7 drinks per week), education (Less than high school or equivalent, High school diploma or GED, Some college or 2 year degree, 4 year college graduate), and household annual income (<$20000,$20001–$50000,>$50000).
In-transformed.
Tobacco smoke-unexposed participants reported no primary tobacco use, less than 30 minutes of passive smoke exposure, and had blood 2,5-DMF concentrations less than 14 ng/L.
Tobacco smoke-exposed participants either reported primary tobacco use, 30 or more minutes of passive smoke exposure, or had blood 2,5-DMF concentrations greater than or equal to 14 ng/L.
Participants with eosinophil percentrage equal to zero were assigned a value of 0.5% to permit ln-transform.