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. 2017 Nov 15;24:42. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2017041

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© P. Lawyer et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2017

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Sand fly life cycle: a. Life stages of Lu. diabolica showing relative sizes (Not drawn to scale. Artwork by M. Duncan and H. Muñoz); b. Eggs – arrow points to “burster spot”; c. 1^st instar larva – arrow points to two caudal setae; d. 2^nd instar larva – arrow points to 4 caudal setae; e. 3^rd instar larva; f. 4^th instar larva – arrow points to dorsal anal plate; g. Pupa – arrow points to 4^th instar exuvium at the caudal end of the puparium (Photos not to scale; Photos by E. Rowton and T. Rowland).