Table 3.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Parenting Scales for Urban American Indian Parents with Maximum Likelihood Estimation
| Subset 2 (N=307)
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short item wording | M (SD) | Factor 1 | Factor 2 | Factor 3 | Factor 4 | χ2 (df) | χ2 /df | RMSEA | CFI | χ2 difference test from Ho a |
| Parental self-agency (N=289) | 61.59(27), p=.0002 | 2.28 | 0.067 | 0.95 | 198.36(3), p<.001 | |||||
| Sure as parent | 4.00 (0.94) | 0.76 | ||||||||
| Good job as parent | 3.88 (0.96) | 0.87 | ||||||||
| Useless as parent† | 4.06 (0.98) | 0.67 | ||||||||
| Know things helpful to parents | 3.20 (0.93) | 0.49 | ||||||||
| Child gets own way† | 3.61 (1.02) | 0.87 | ||||||||
| Usually give in to child† | 3.71 (1.03) | 0.77 | ||||||||
| Solve most problems | 3.76 (0.97) | 0.87 | ||||||||
| Keep trying until things change | 3.90 (0.99) | 0.59 | ||||||||
| Child not do what I want† | 3.46 (0.97) | 0.63 | ||||||||
| Little I can do† | 3.64 (1.04) | 0.77 | ||||||||
| Parental supervision (N=297) | 12.91(12), p=.37 | 1.08 | 0.016 | 0.99 | 56.31(1), | |||||
| Set time home on school nights | 4.55 (0.90) | 0.94 | ||||||||
| Set time home on weekends | 4.43 (1.02) | 0.86 | ||||||||
| Know if time set was missed | 4.62 (0.97) | 0.73 | ||||||||
| Know what time to be home | 4.48 (0.93) | 0.83 | ||||||||
| Know what child is doing | 4.50 (0.83) | 0.58 | ||||||||
| Know who friends are | 4.19 (1.17) | 0.65 | ||||||||
| Child knows how to get in touch | 4.69 (.83) | 0.57 | ||||||||
| Positive parenting practices (N=298) | 11.71(8), p=.16 | 1.46 | 0.039 | 0.99 | 101.76(1), p<.001 | |||||
| Give a reward | 3.94 (1.02) | 0.85 | ||||||||
| Give a special privilege | 3.91 (1.05) | 0.83 | ||||||||
| Do something special together | 3.82 (1.07) | 0.83 | ||||||||
| Give a wink or smile | 4.41 (0.85) | 0.78 | ||||||||
| Give praise or approval | 4.46 (0.72) | 0.80 | ||||||||
| Give hug, pat on back, kiss | 4.37 (0.92) | 0.84 | ||||||||
| Discipline (N=295) | 5.85(5), p=.32 | 1.17 | 0.024 | 0.99 | ||||||
| Trouble deciding rules | 3.31 (1.40) | 0.61 | ||||||||
| Child never listens | 2.88 (1.41) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| More trouble with discipline | 3.05 (1.45) | 0.88 | ||||||||
| Ineffective discipline | 2.78 (1.38) | 0.82 | ||||||||
| Good at discipline† | 2.77 (1.26) | 0.59 | ||||||||
| Family cohesion (N=270) | 129.04(99), p=.023 | 1.30 | 0.034 | 0.97 | 44.90(1), p<.001 | |||||
| Family members share interests | 3.56 (1.12) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| Family does things together | 3.82 (1.06) | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Family spends free time together | 3.54 (1.15) | 0.79 | ||||||||
| Family feels very close to each other | 4.10 (1.05) | 0.82 | ||||||||
| Family consults on personal decisions | 3.36 (1.23) | 0.62 | ||||||||
| Family knows each other’s friends | 3.58 (1.24) | 0.56 | ||||||||
| Family goes along with decisions | 3.58 (1.10) | 0.72 | ||||||||
| Family gathers in same room together | 3.58 (1.20) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| Family approves of each other’s friends | 3.23 (1.12) | 0.47 | ||||||||
| Family is supportive in difficult times | 4.09 (1.16) | 0.59 | ||||||||
| Family is closer to outside people† | 3.58 (1.13) | 0.56 | ||||||||
| Family has difficulty doing things† | 3.60 (1.12) | 0.49 | ||||||||
| Family pairs up rather than together† | 3.50 (1.07) | 0.39 | ||||||||
| Family members go own way† | 3.34 (1.13) | 0.67 | ||||||||
| Family discusses problems to outside people† | 3.08 (1.22) | 0.39 | ||||||||
| Family avoid each other at home† | 3.99 (1.07) | 0.79 | ||||||||
| Parent–adolescent conflict (N=289) | 171.54(118), p<.001 | 1.45 | 0.040 | 0.96 | 163.89(1), p<.001 | |||||
| We never seem to agree | 2.24 (0.75) | 0.43 | ||||||||
| My child doesn’t do what I ask | 2.32 (0.82) | 0.54 | ||||||||
| The talks we have are frustrating | 2.17 (0.91) | 0.71 | ||||||||
| My child often seems angry at me | 2.08 (0.92) | 0.71 | ||||||||
| My child acts impatient when I talk | 2.35 (0.91) | 0.67 | ||||||||
| I don’t think we get along very well | 1.68 (0.90) | 0.57 | ||||||||
| My child never understands my side | 2.23 (0.86) | 0.69 | ||||||||
| We have big arguments over little things | 1.81 (0.91) | 0.79 | ||||||||
| My child is defensive when I talk | 2.15 (0.96) | 0.77 | ||||||||
| We argue a lot about the rules | 2.01 (0.98) | 0.74 | ||||||||
| My child tells me I’m unfair | 2.24 (0.98) | 0.64 | ||||||||
| My child is easy to get along with† | 1.40 (0.59) | 0.67 | ||||||||
| My child responds when corrected† | 1.75 (0.72) | 0.79 | ||||||||
| My child is well-behaved during talks† | 1.68 (0.69) | 0.76 | ||||||||
| My child likes to talk to me† | 1.54 (0.73) | 0.64 | ||||||||
| My child usually listens to what I say† | 1.70 (0.67) | 0.70 | ||||||||
| My child and I compromise during fights† | 2.07 (0.72) | (.19;dropped) | ||||||||
Note. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; df = degree of freedom; RMSEA = root mean standard error of approximation; CFI = comparative fit index.
†
Indicates reverse coded items.
a
Ho: The data will fit a one factor model.