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. 2017 Nov 8;11:1897–1906. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S141762

Table 4.

Patient-, HIV-, and ART-related factors correlated with “unstable” or “poor adherence”

Item Physicians’ adherence assessment
p-value
Good adherence
(n=162)
Unstable adherence
(n=36)
Poor adherence
(n=17)
n % n % n %
Patient-related factors
 Male sex 132 82 28 78 12 71 0.479
 Age (years)a 48 40–55 42 33–51 46 44–48 0.020
  <30 10 6.2 6 17 1 5.9 0.120
  ≥30 152 93.8 30 83 16 94
 Transmission route
  MSM 91 56 13 36 4 24 0.007
  Transmission in HPC 17 11 7 19 5 29 0.040
  IVDU 3 1.9 8 22 4 24 <0.001
  Other 19 12 5 14 3 18 0.631
  Unknown 33 20 5 14 1 5.9 0.303
 Comorbidities
  Psychiatric disorder 40 25 15 42 8 47 0.030
  HBV 7 4.3 3 8.3 0 0 0.494
  HCV 6 3.7 6 17 1 5.9 0.013
  Cardiovascular risk factors 41 25 8 22 2 12 0.527
  Major vascular event 9 5.6 1 2.8 1 5.9 0.758
  Other 89 55 13 36 6 35 0.052
 Co-medication
  Psychiatric 17 11 6 17 1 5.9 0.514
  Cardiovascular 41 25 8 22 1 5.9 0.226
  Antiinfectives 9 5.6 6 17 1 5.9 0.079
  Other 35 22 10 28 3 18 0.687
HIV-related factors
 Time since HIV diagnosis (years)a 9 4–16 10 5–21 19 15–21 0.002
  <1 6 3.8 1 2.9 0 0 0.024
  1–10 89 56 17 49 3 17
  >10 65 41 17 49 14 82
 History of AIDS 11 6.8 9 25 4 24 0.002
 HIV-1 RNA VL (cp/mL)a 19 19–39 49 19–49 4,824 60–17,542 <0.001
 CD4 cell count (n/μL)a 680 487–887 503 211–761 315 86–426 <0.001
ART-related factors
 ART duration (years)a 6 3–12 5 3–11 14 9–17 0.022
  <1 10 6.3 3 8.6 0 0 0.142
  1–10 103 64 23 66 7 41
  >10 47 29 9 26 10 59
 ART dosing and pill burden
  STR 50 31 13 36 2 12 0.173
  MTR once daily 78 48 16 44 9 53 0.841
  MTR twice daily 34 21 7 19 6 35 0.373
 Current ART regimen
  NRTI containing 143 88 34 94 15 88 0.629
  NNRTI containing 79 49 10 28 1 5.9 <0.001
  PI containing 46 28 17 47 12 71 0.001
  CCR5 containing 2 1.2 0 0 0 0 1
  INI containing 52 32 11 31 6 35 0.936

Note: p-values were calculated using the Fisher’s extended exact and Kruskal–Wallis test.

a

Data presented as median and IQR.

Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; ART, antiretroviral therapy; CCR5, C-C chemokine receptor 5 inhibitor; cp, copies; HBV, chronic hepatitis B infection; HCV, chronic hepatitis C infection; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HPC, high prevalence country; IQR, interquartile range; INI, integrase inhibitor; IVDU, intravenous drug use; MSM, men having sex with men; MTR, multi-tablet regimen; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; STR, single-tablet regimen; VL, viral load.