Table 1.

Patient demographics and comorbidities in the experimental and control groups

	Control (n=75)	Experimental (n=67)	P values
Male, count (%)	31 (41)	35 (52)	0.09
Age, mean (SD)	59.3 (16.3)	58.9 (16.8)	0.49
Race and ethnicity, count (%)
White	36 (48)	30 (45)	0.35
African American	10 (13)	6 (9.0)	0.21
Asian American	13 (17)	9 (13)	0.26
Hispanic	13 (17)	17 (25)	0.12
Other	3 (4.4)	5 (7.5)	0.18
Comorbidities, count (%)
Sepsis	9 (12)	16 (24)	0.03
Severe sepsis with septic shock	7 (9.3) 4 (5.3)	5 (7.5) 1 (1.5)	0.34 0.11
Cardiovascular	17 (23)	14 (21)	0.39
Renal	10 (13)	8 (12)	0.40
Liver	4 (5.3)	3 (4.5)	0.41
Organ transplant	10 (13)	11 (16)	0.30
HIV positive	2 (2.7)	2 (3.0)	0.45
Mental health disorder	2 (2.7)	1 (1.5)	0.31
Diabetes	9 (12)	9 (13)	0.40
COPD	3 (4)	1 (1.5)	0.18
Cancer	26 (35)	32 (48)	0.06
Alcohol abuse	4 (5.3)	1 (1.5)	0.11
Pneumonia	7 (9.3)	6 (9)	0.47

Comorbidities are based on International Classification of Diseases 10 codes (see online supplemental table S2). P value for statistically significant differences in the distribution of demographics were calculated with a two-proportion z-test for all categorical variables, and a two-sample t-test for the continuous variable (age). Significance was set at 0.05.

COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.