Table 2.
Biomarkers of tubulointerstitial damage and function among included DCCT/EDIC Study participants with and without kidney disease
| Kidney disease status* | P value for difference | ||
| Controls (N=43) | Cases (N=43) | ||
| Urine biomarkers† | |||
| EGF (μg/g) | 21.2 (8.7) | 5.3 (2.8) | <0.0001 |
| MCP-1 (ng/g) | 123 (100) | 596 (860) | <0.0001 |
| Galectin-3 (μg/g) | 52 (35) | 168 (145) | <0.0001 |
| Plasma biomarkers | |||
| sTNFR-1 (pg/mL) | 1022 (256) | 3695 (1289) | <0.0001 |
| Galectin-3 (ng/mL) | 11.0 (5.3) | 21.3 (6.6) | <0.0001 |
| Arginine-citrulline ratio (μg/μg) | 7.7 (2.8) | 5.6 (1.9) | 0.0004 |
| Urinary clearance‡ | |||
| Hippurate (mL/min) | 167 (72) | 70 (79) | <0.0001 |
| Cinnamoylglycine (mL/min) | 317 (150) | 77 (71) | <0.0001 |
Cell contents are mean (SD).
*Cases were defined by incident persistent eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with urinary AER >300 mg/24 hour; control subjects were randomly selected from the pool of DCCT/EDIC Study participants who maintained persistent eGFR >90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and AER <30 mg/24 hour through the study visit on which the corresponding case participant developed incident eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and were additionally matched to cases on duration of diabetes and DCCT cohort.
†Urinary biomarkers are expressed per gram of urine creatinine.
‡Urinary clearances are restricted to 66 participants with timed urine collections.
AER, albumin excretion rate; DCCT/EDIC, Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; sTNFR-1, plasma soluble tubular necrosis factor receptor-1.