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. 2017 Aug 3;8(51):88332–88344. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.19917

Figure 5. Valproate protects against podocyte injury and albuminuria in LPS-injured mice.

Figure 5

Mice were treated with sodium valproate (200mg/kg) or saline (100µl) followed by LPS (200µg) injury or vehicle treatment. Mice were followed for 24 h. A. Urine was collected and processed for urine albumin ELISA assay followed by adjustment for urine creatinine concentrations. *P < 0.05 versus non-VPA-treated and LPS-injured mice (n = 6). B. Transmission electron microscopy of kidney glomeruli demonstrated marked foot process effacement (black arrows) in LPS-injured mice. This effect was prevented by valproate treatment. C. Morphometric analysis of the number of foot processes per µm glomerular basement membrane (GBM) revealed by electron microscopy (right panel). Bar = 2 µm.*P < 0.05 versus other groups (n = 6). LPS, lipopolysaccharide; VPA, sodium valproate.