Table 1. Descriptive characteristics of case and control subjects.
| Variables | Controls (n=50) | BPH (n=48) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median (95% CI) | Median (95% CI) | ||
| Continuous variables | |||
| Age(years) | 65.00(64.98-67.22) | 69.00(67.97-70.86) | 0.001*b |
| Height(cm) | 1.70(1.70-1.73) | 1.70(1.69-1.72) | 0.923b |
| Weight(kg) | 68.50(66.31-71.37) | 75.00(71.71-76.79) | 0.003*a |
| BMI(kg/m2) | 23.60(22.57-24.39) | 25.34(24.59-26.43) | 0.002*a |
| FPG(mmol/L) | 5.25(5.05-5.37) | 5.05(4.96-5.25) | 0.321a |
| SBP(mmHg) | 124.50(120.70-126.87) | 123.00(119.45-126.05) | 0.581b |
| DBP(mmHg) | 78.50(75.50-79.86) | 76.50(73.51-78.37) | 0.307b |
| PSA(ng/ml) | 0.67(0.67-0.76) | 2.83(2.77-4.30) | <0.001*b |
| Total cholesterol(mmol/L) | 3.92(3.80-4.24) | 4.38(4.02-4.61) | 0.11a |
| Triglycerides(mmol/L) | 1.21(1.24-1.66) | 1.26(1.20-1.63) | 0.831b |
| LDL(mmol/L) | 2.67(2.45-2.81) | 2.88(2.70-3.11) | 0.041*a |
| HDL(mmol/L) | 1.07(1.01-1.17) | 1.08(1.01-1.21) | 0.98b |
| FFA(mmol/L) | 0.40(0.40-0.51) | 0.38(0.33-0.41) | 0.047*b |
| CRP(mmol/L) | 3.75(3.60-4.77) | 4.30(4.05-5.11) | 0.188b |
| Adiponectin(μg/ml) | 5.26(5.09-7.61) | 2.78(2.69-4.40) | <0.001*b |
| Prostate volume(ml) | 23.05(22.31-24.29) | 45.04(46.66-63.61) | <0.001*b |
| Qmax(ml/s) | 25.65(24.97-27.74) | 8.20(7.66-8.97) | <0.001*a |
| Number (%) | Number (%) | ||
| Categorical/Ordinal variables | |||
| BMI(kg/m2) † | 0.009*c | ||
| Underweight | 3(6) | 1(2.1) | |
| Normal | 19(38) | 6(12.5) | |
| Overweight | 13(26) | 13(27.1) | |
| Obesity | 15(30) | 28(58.3) | |
| Adiponectin quartiles# | <0.001*c | ||
| Q1≤1.972 | 3(6) | 21(43.8) | |
| 1.97<Q2≤3.727 | 15(30) | 10(20.8) | |
| 3.727<Q3≤7.104 | 15(30) | 10(20.8) | |
| Q4>7.104 | 17(34) | 7(14.6) | |
| IPSS | <0.001*c | ||
| None or light(0-7) | 50(100) | 0(0) | |
| Moderate(8-19) | 0(0) | 21(43.8) | |
| Severe(20-35) | 0(0) | 27(56.3) | |
| Physical activity | 0.024*c | ||
| Sedentary | 10(20) | 21(43.8) | |
| Light | 23(46) | 19(39.6) | |
| Moderate | 17(34) | 8(16.7) | |
| Active | 0(0) | 0(0) | |
| Smoking status | 0.867c | ||
| Current | 20(40) | 20(41.7) | |
| Former/Never | 30(60) | 28(58.3) | |
| Alcohol using status | 0.715c | ||
| Current | 18(36) | 19(39.6) | |
| Former/Never | 32(64) | 29(60.4) | |
a Student’s T-test
b Mann-Whitney U-test
c χ2 test
† According to guidelines for the Asian Pacific population (International Association for the Study of Obesity, World Health Organization). Underweight, <18.5; normal, 18.5 to <23; at risk of obesity or overweight, 23 to<25; obesity, ≥25.
#Serum adiponectin levels were categorized in quartiles of its distribution.
*The significant parameters.
BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; BMI, body mass index; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; PSA, prostatic specific antigen; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; Qmax, maximum flow rate; FFA, free fatty acid.