Table 1. Characteristics of study participants by serum BCAA Tertiles.
| Characteristica | Tertile of serum BCAA | P trendb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low < 393.1 umol/L |
Middle 393.1 - 468.2 umol/L |
High >468.2 umol/L |
||
| Number | 204 | 203 | 204 | |
| Age, years | 75.3 ± 23.1 | 64.5 ± 20.2 | 62.6 ± 20.6 | <0.001 |
| Gender, male% | 34.8 | 52.7 | 68.1 | <0.001 |
| BCAA, umol/L | 330.7 ± 49.1 | 430.4 ± 20.7 | 534.8 ± 61.6 | <0.001 |
| Valine, umol/L | 183.9 ± 27.1 | 236.8 ± 14.9 | 289.6 ± 34.1 | <0.001 |
| Isoleucine, umol/L | 52.3 ± 8.9 | 67.9 ± 7.5 | 87.7 ± 14.4 | <0.001 |
| Leucine, umol/L | 94.5 ± 17.7 | 125.6 ± 9.3 | 157.4 ± 19.6 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 20.6 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 23.8 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 6.3 ± 1.5 | 0.017 |
| HBA1c, % | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 0.4 | 5.4 ± 0.7 | 0.417 |
| C-peptide, ng/ml | 4.5 (1.0-15.7) | 4.4 (1.1-20.2) | 5.8 (1.5-19.9) | 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.9 ± 20.9 | 133.2 ± 21.2 | 133.1 ± 19.2 | 0.923 |
| DBP, mmHg | 76.6 ± 11.7 | 77.6 ± 9.8 | 78.4 ± 9.9 | 0.082 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.43 ± 0.40 | 1.37 ± 0.30 | 1.26 ± 0.25 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.75 ± 0.87 | 2.99 ± 0.82 | 2.97 ± 0.87 | 0.010 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 4.9 ± 0.9 | 0.060 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.3 ± 1.1 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 3.0 ± 3.5 | 1.9 ± 2.8 | 2.0 ± 2.6 | 0.064 |
| IL6, pg/mL | 8.3 ± 11.2 | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 8.2 ± 6.4 | 0.573 |
| Number of Cardiometabolic dichotomous traits (%) c | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 67 (32.8) | 47 (23.1) | 40 (19.6) | - |
| 1 | 77 (37.7) | 71 (34.9) | 48 (23.5) | - |
| 2 | 44 (21.5) | 47 (23.1) | 61 (29.9) | - |
| 3 | 14 ( 6.8) | 28 (13.7) | 34 (16.6) | - |
| 4 | 2 ( 0.9) | 9 ( 4.4) | 16 ( 7.8) | - |
| 5 | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 0.5) | 5 ( 2.5) | - |
| Metabolic syndrome, n (%) c | 16 (7.8) | 38 (18.7) | 55 (26.9) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; BMI, body mass index; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC-total cholesterol; TG- triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
a Data are mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, or percentage for categorical variables.
b P values for the overall comparisons across BCAA Tertiles adjusting for age, gender, smoke and alcohol drinking, except for itself.
c Defined according to the criteria of metabolic syndrome from Chinese Diabetes Society, CDS ( 2004) for Chinese.