Fig 3. Modulation of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory response in alveolar macrophage cells by pre-treatment with 1,8-cineole (Cin).

MH-S cells (1x10⁶ cells/ml culture/well) were treated with i) vehicle (0.1% MeOH), (ii) Cin only (0.02% vol/vol), (iii) LPS only (2 μg/ml), (iv) LPS (2 μg/ml) +Cin (0.02%); Cin was added 3hours before LPS addition (“pre-treatment”). NO and cytokines were periodically measured in the culture supernatant up to 24 hour time-point. Values are presented as mean ± SEM of based on three independent treatments. Asterisks (*) and (**) indicate statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01, respectively) difference as compared to the positive control (LPS only).