Table 1.

Astrocyte-secreted synapse modifying signals

Molecule	Class	Function	Citations
Thrombospondin	Matricellular	Silent synapse formation. Decrease synaptic AMPAR, increase glycine receptor.	(Christopherson et al., 2005) (Hennekinne et al., 2013)
Hevin/Sparcl1	Matricellular	Silent synapse formation.	(Kucukdereli et al., 2011)
Glypican	Heparan sulfate proteoglycan	Active synaptogenesis, GluA1 AMPAR.	(Allen et al., 2012)
TNFα	Cytokine	Increase AMPAR, decrease GABAR. Homeostatic scaling.	(Stellwagen et al., 2005) (Stellwagen & Malenka, 2006)
Wingless/Wnt	Morphogen	Increase synaptic glutamate receptor.	(Kerr et al., 2014)
TGFβ	Cytokine	Schwann cell, NMJ synaptogenesis. Excitatory synapse formation. Inhibitory synapse formation.	(Feng & Ko, 2008) (Diniz et al., 2012) (Diniz et al., 2014)
Maverick/TGFβ	Cytokine	Coordinates pre- and post-synaptic maturation.	(Fuentes-Medel et al., 2012)
SPARC	Glycoprotein	Inhibit Hevin-induced synapse formation. Decrease synaptic AMPAR.	(Kucukdereli et al., 2011) (Jones et al., 2011)
Cholesterol	Lipid	Enhances presynaptic function.	(Mauch et al., 2001)
CSPGs	Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan	Stabilize synaptic AMPARs.	(Pyka et al., 2011)