Table I.
Description of the Study Population According to Insurance Status.
| Number of Patients (%) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||
| Medicaid/Uninsured (n = 140) | Medicare, < 65 years (n = 172) | Medicare, ≥ 65 years (n = 353) | Private (n = 195) | P Value | |
| Age, years, mean (std dev) | 52.3 (7.5) | 56.0 (7.1) | 73.8 (6.5) | 50.7 (9.1) | < .001 |
| Male gender (n = 618) | 115 (82.1) | 128 (74.4) | 240 (68.0) | 135 (69.2) | 0.011 |
| Race | |||||
| White (n = 743) | 100 (71.4) | 145 (84.3) | 322 (91.2) | 176 (90.3) | < .001 |
| Black/African American (n = 88) | 31 (22.1) | 25 (14.5) | 22 (6.2) | 10 (5.1) | |
| Other (n = 29) | 9 (6.4) | 2 (1.2) | 9 (2.5) | 9 (4.6) | |
| Positive tobacco history (n = 676) | 131 (93.6) | 148 (86.0) | 265 (75.1) | 132 (67.7) | < .001 |
| Heavy alcohol use (n = 197) | 69 (49.3) | 51 (29.7) | 48 (13.6) | 29 (14.9) | < .001 |
| ASA Score | |||||
| ASA 1 or 2 (n = 161) | 32 (22.9) | 20 (11.6) | 37 (10.5) | 72 (36.9) | < .001 |
| ASA 3 (n = 612) | 92 (65.7) | 134 (77.9) | 273 (77.3) | 113 (57.9) | |
| ASA 4 (n = 87) | 16 (11.4) | 18 (10.5) | 43 (12.2) | 10 (5.1) | |
| Tumor stage | |||||
| T1 (n = 224) | 23 (16.4) | 33 (19.2) | 97 (27.5) | 71 (36.4) | < .001 |
| T2 (n = 220) | 32 (22.9) | 45 (26.2) | 88 (24.9) | 55 (28.2) | |
| T3 (n = 145) | 29 (20.7) | 37 (21.5) | 55 (15.6) | 24 (12.3) | |
| T4 (n = 271) | 56 (40.0) | 57 (33.1) | 113 (32.0) | 45 (23.1) | |
| Node positive (N+) (n = 307) | 78 (55.7) | 64 (37.2) | 97 (27.5) | 68 (34.9) | < .001 |
| Pedicle or free flap reconstruction (n = 425) | 74 (52.9) | 86 (50.0) | 177 (50.1) | 89 (45.6) | 0.605 |
Categorical variables analyzed with Fisher's exact test and continuous variables with ANOVA.
ANOVA = analysis of variance; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; std dev = standard deviation.