Table 2.

Maternal mortality, women’s empowerment, economic, political, and health measures by region

	Sub-Saharan African countries (n = 22)		Non-African countries (n = 22)		Total (n = 44)		P value
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Maternal mortality ratio
MMR 2012  MMR 2015	518 480	193 185	126 114	98 90	322 297	250 235	0.00 0.00
Gender empowerment measures
GEI 2012a  GGI 2012a  SIGI 2012b	0.51 0.65 0.32	0.13 0.05 0.12	0.59 0.67 0.24	0.15 0.06 0.11	0.55 0.66 0.28	0.14 0.06 0.12	0.07 0.44 0.02
Economic
GDP per capita 2012c	2485	1467	5881	2428	4183	2623	0.00
Political
Freedom House Index 2012a  Corruption Index 2012a	8.4 32.6	4.3 6.6	8.9 31.2	3.6 7.0	8.6 31.9	3.9 6.7	0.69 0.49
Health
Skilled Birth Attendance 2007–2014d  Total Fertility Rate 2015	59.0 4.9	17.4 0.9	82.6 2.6	19.2 0.8	70.8 3.7	21.7 1.4	0.00 0.00

MMR maternal mortality ratio, GEI Gender Equity Index, GGI Global Gap Index, SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index, SD standard deviation.

^aHigher score indicates more equality, less perceived corruption or more freedom

^bLower score indicates more equality

^cGDP per capita is in USD

^dUsing most recent survey available for each country, percent of births attended by skilled provider