Figure 2.

Tadalafil induced cytoprotection of in vitro MSCs under oxidative stress through PKG‐MAPK signaling pathways: Cell viability (CCK‐8 assay) (A) and cell death (LDH assay) (B) of MSCs after exposure to 100 μmol/L H₂O₂ for 4 h (oxidative stress) were assessed in control and tadalafil. The level of NOS (ELISA assay, C) levels were assessed under oxidative stress in control and tadalafil in ± L‐NAME inhibitors. p‐VASP, PKG1, Fas, BcL‐xl, p‐ p‐STAT3 and Erk1/2 expressions (western blots, D) were assessed under oxidative stress in control and tadalafil in ± MAPK (U0126) and PKG1 (KT5823) inhibitors. Values are mean ± SE; n = 6; P‐value < 0.05 is significant.