Table 1.

Characteristics of trials included in this review

First author year	Sample size (randomized/dropouts); Sex: M/F	Age (years)	BMI (kg/m2)	Diagnostic criteria	Intervention		Intervention period (months)	Follow-up duration (months)	Outcome measure
					Treatment group (T)	Control group (C)
Lian 2014 [18]	420/31 T: 210 (98/112) C: 210 (106/104)	T: 52.95 ± 10.06 C: 51.86 ± 10.16	T: 25.15 ± 3.07 C: 25.50 ± 2.66	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	Placebo (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	12	12	A–D, G
Sun 2011 [19]	216/2 T: 110 (64/46) C: 106 (59/47)	T: 51.0 ± 9.3 C: 51.4 ± 9.5	T: 24.8 ± 3.0 C: 23.9 ± 3.0	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	Placebo (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	12	12	A–C, E–G
Wang 2011 [20]	168/9 T: 94 (40/54) C: 74 (34/40)	T: 51.46 ± 8.77 C: 51.73 ± 9.35	T: 25.33 ± 2.65 C: 25.02 ± 2.45	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	Placebo (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	12	12	A–G
Hong 2013 [21]	60/0 T: 29 (10/19) C: 31 (10/21)	T: 44 ± 9.3 C: 43 ± 10.1	–	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	LM	24	24	A–C, E–F, H
Wei 2009 [22]	60/0 T: 30 (15/15) C: 30 (14/16)	T: 51.7 ± 5.69 C: 52.6 ± 6.10	T: 25.9 ± 1.23 C: 25.8 ± 1.25	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	Placebo (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	6	6	A–G
Wang 2010 [23]	103/0 T: 53 (28/25) C: 50 (20/30)	T: 44/(29–69) C: 43/(29–72)	T: 26.75 ± 7.93 C: 25.77 ± 3.30	WHO 1999	Tianqi capsule (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	Placebo (5 capsules, po, tid) + LM	12	12	A–C, E, F

A incidence of diabetes, B normalization of blood glucose, C IGT stabilized incidence, D BMI, E FBG, F 2 h PG, G adverse events, H SF-36 questionnaire, po orally, tid three times a day, LM lifestyle modification