Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models showing the association between hypoglycemia (dependent variable) and Charlson comorbidity index (independent variable) adjusted for clinical characteristics (n = 1552)
| Univariate model | Multivariate model | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p valuea | OR | 95% CI | p valuea | |
| Age, years | 0.98 | [0.96–1.01] | 0.190 | 0.96 | [0.92–0.99] | 0.026 |
| Female | 1.06 | [0.83–1.36] | 0.639 | 1.01 | [0.71–1.44] | 0.953 |
| Weight | 0.98 | [0.98–0.99] | < 0.001 | 0.99 | [0.98–1.00] | 0.177 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.00 | [0.99–1.01] | 0.357 | – | – | – |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 1.00 | [0.99–1.01] | 0.301 | – | – | – |
| Renal function, eGFRb | 0.99 | [0.98–0.99] | < 0.001 | 0.99 | [0.98–1.00] | 0.068 |
| Living in nursing home | 1.02 | [0.80–1.30] | 0.873 | – | – | – |
| HbA1C c | 1.02 | [0.98–1.06] | 0.332 | 0.99 | [0.93–1.06] | 0.870 |
| Fasting plasma glucose | 1.06 | [0.98–1.16] | 0.153 | 1.07 | [0.96–1.20] | 0.212 |
| Daily SMBG | 3.17 | [2.32–4.33] | < 0.001 | 1.79 | [1.09–2.96] | 0.021 |
| Insulin | 3.83 | [2.81–5.22] | < 0.001 | 3.32 | [1.88–5.86] | < 0.001 |
| Glinides | 0.53 | [0.35–0.79] | 0.002 | 0.68 | [0.38–1.24] | 0.211 |
| Metformin | 0.45 | [0.32–0.63] | < 0.001 | 0.77 | [0.46–1.29] | 0.327 |
| Sulfonylureas | 0.34 | [0.22–0.54] | < 0.001 | 1.18 | [0.60–2.32] | 0.622 |
| Beta-blockers | 1.06 | [0.83–1.37] | 0.619 | 0.95 | [0.67–1.34] | 0.758 |
| ACE inhibitors and ARBs | 0.95 | [0.76–1.2] | 0.688 | 0.88 | [0.64–1.21] | 0.446 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 1.10 | [0.87–1.39] | 0.407 | – | – | – |
| Calcium channel blockers, n (%) | 1.25 | [0.87–1.45) | 0.357 | – | – | – |
| Number of co-medications | 0.98 | [0.93–1.04] | 0.562 | 0.98 | [0.93–1.03] | 0.390 |
| Cardiovascular diseasesd | 1.84 | [1.45–2.30] | < 0.001 | 1.35 | [0.94–1.94] | 0.106 |
| Stroke | 1.27 | [0.99–1.62] | 0.056 | 0.91 | [0.64–1.29] | 0.600 |
| Cancer | 1.03 | [0.74–1.44] | 0.840 | 0.74 | [0.43–1.26] | 0.271 |
| Depression | 1.24 | [0.98–1.56] | 0.073 | 1.17 | [0.85–1.61] | 0.326 |
| Falls | 1.19 | [0.93–1.51] | 0.159 | 1.26 | [0.91–1.74] | 0.169 |
| Dementia | 1.39 | [1.10–1.77] | 0.006 | 1.15 | [0.82–1.61] | 0.403 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.18 | [1.12–1.24] | < 0.001 | 1.24 | [1.02–1.23] | 0.014 |
aBased on independent samples t test or Chi square test as appropriate, with significance, p < 0.05; significant p values are indicated in bold
b CrCl creatinine clearance
c HbA 1C glycated hemoglobin
dAtrial fibrillation or heart failure or peripheral arterial disease