Table 3.
Acute effects of hookah smoking on heart rate variability
| Pre-Hookah | Post-Hookah | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate and Blood Pressure | |||
| Heart Rate, beats·min−1 | 60 ± 2 | 75 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 116 ± 2 | 125 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 71 ± 3 | 80 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mmHg | 84 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
| Heart Rate Variability | |||
| Frequency Domain | |||
| VLF power, ms2 | 3560.9 ± 993.6 | 3340.9 ± 831.1 | 0.822 |
| LF Power | |||
| Ms2 | 3120.5 ± 858.5 | 3032.7 ± 831.4 | 0.929 |
| Nu | 41.5 ± 3.8 | 54.6 ± 4.1 | 0.021 |
| HF Power | |||
| Ms2 | 2501.8 ± 487.9 | 3166.4 ± 1485.6 | 0.66 |
| Nu | 50.6 ± 3.5 | 33.6 ± 3.4 | 0.002 |
| LF/HF | 1.09 ± 0.2 | 2.31 ± 0.5 | 0.033 |
| Time Domain | |||
| NN50 count | 115.2 ± 11.2 | 106.9 ± 32.6 | 0.803 |
| SDNN, ms | 88.6 ± 9.9 | 99.9 ± 15.0 | 0.376 |
| SDSD, ms | 82.1 ± 9.3 | 86.8 ± 17.3 | 0.735 |
| r-MSSD, ms | 80.5 ± 8.7 | 86.6 ± 17.3 | 0.676 |
| Total Number of Heart Beats | 298 ± 11 | 371 ± 10 | <0.001 |
Data reported as mean ± SE for 21 subjects.
HF = high frequency; LF = low frequency; ms = milliseconds; NN50 = normal-to-normal intervals >50 ms; r-MSSD = root mean squared of successive differences; SDNN = standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval; SDSD = standard deviation of successive differences; VLF = very low frequency.