Fig. 2.

Bone regeneration quantification of critical-size calvarial bone defects by micro-CT analysis. a Regeneration of critical-size calvarial bone defects (5 mm diameter) quantified after 7 weeks of cell-free scaffold implantation. Representative coronal and sagittal images of the control group (soaked in serum-free media), 2 nM BMP-2, CaSO₄ (C.S.) 10 mM, C.S. 20 mM, and C.S. 50 mM. b Quantitative analysis of new bone formation by bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV). Quantitative data presented as mean ± SEM. Differences considered significant at *p < 0.05. BMP bone morphogenetic protein, S. F. serum free