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. 2017 Jul 5;6(9):1795–1802. doi: 10.1002/sctm.16-0458

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© 2017 The Authors Stem Cells Translational Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of AlphaMed Press

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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(A): H&E representative figures of the IAS following sphincterectomy (non‐treated group) showed discontinuity at the ventral midline (where semi‐sphincterectomy was performed). (B): Smooth muscle discontinuity was further confirmed using smooth muscle actin. (C): The presence of neurons at the surgical site was confirmed using βIII tubulin. Restoration of IAS circular smooth muscle alignment and structure following implantation in the treated group was confirmed by (D): H&E (blue prolene sutures) and (E): smooth muscle actin stains. (F): Positive stain for βIII tubulin also indicated the presence of neurons at the implant site. Abbreviations: H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; IAS, internal anal sphincter.