Table 1.

The characteristics of our study

Facility	1		2	3	4	5			6		7		8	9	10	11	12	13
X‐ray System	A Infinie Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000V$ TOSHIBA	B Infinti Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000V$ TOSHIBA	C Bransist Safire SHIMADZU	D Advantx GE	E Infinti Celeve DP TOSHIBA	F Axiom zee biplane SIEMENS	G Infinti Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000V$ TOSHIBA	H Infinti Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000V$ TOSHIBA	I Infinie Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000C$ TOSHIBA	J Infinie Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000F$ TOSHIBA	K Axiom zee biplane SIEMENS	L Axiom Artis dBC SIEMENS	M Trinias B‐12 SHIMADZU	N Axiom Artis BA SIEMENS	O Bransist Safire SHIMADZU	P Infinix Celeve $-i\hspace{0.17em}8000V$ TOSHIBA	Q Allura Xper FD20 PHILIPS	R Allura Xper FD10 PHILIPS
Image receptor	FPD	FPD	FPD	I.I.	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD	I.I.	FPD	FPD	FPD	FPD
Actual diameter [cm]	16.4	16.4	18.0	14.5	16.4	13.5	11.6	11.6	14.0	18.5	13.5	13.5	14.3	14.2	14.5	18.6	14.9	14.9
Years of use	2.6	2.6	4.2	12.0	8.7	1.2	7.6	2.0	0.5	6.8	1.5	7.8	0.5	10.0	5.5	7.0	5.0	10.0
Total filtration [mm]	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	1.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.8 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al	1.5 Al	2.5 Al	1.5 Al	2.3 Al	2.5 Al	2.5 Al
Grid ratio [:1]	13	13	10	10	13	15	13	13	13	13	15	15	13	17	10	13	15	13
Fluoroscopy
Tube potential [kV]	80.0	80.0	77.0	80.0	80.0	90.8	70.0	70.0	70.0	70.0	68.4	70.0	76.0	77.0	73.0	80.0	91.0	78.0
Pulse rate [pulses/s]	10.0	10.0	12.5	Cont.	15.0	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	7.5	15.0	7.5	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Additional filtration [mm]	0.3 Cu	0.3 Cu	$1.5\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.6\hspace{0.17em}\text{Cu}$	‐	0.06 Ta	0.9 Cu	0.2 Cu	0.2 Cu	0.2 Cu	0.2 Cu	0.2 Cu	0.2 Cu	$1.5\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.6\hspace{0.17em}\text{Cu}$	0.9 Cu	$1.5\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.3\hspace{0.17em}\text{Cu}$	0.06 Ta	$1.0\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.4\hspace{0.17em}\text{Cu}$	0.4 Cu
Entrance dose [mGy/min]	10.5	10.8	8.8	22.1	21.9	2.1	18.8	18.5	18.7	8.8	8.3	9.3	12.5	5.2	28.2	12.2	17.1	16.8
Pulse dose [mGy/pulse]	0.018	0.018	0.012	0.012	0.024	0.005	0.042	0.041	0.042	0.020	0.018	0.021	0.014	0.012	0.031	0.014	0.019	0.019
Image quality score
Spatial resolution	3.0	3.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	1.0	5.0	6.0	6.0	5.0	3.5	4.0	4.0	3.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
Low contrast detectability	2.0	2.0	1.5	1.5	2.0	0.0	4.0	4.0	4.5	2.5	2.0	3.0	2.0	2.5	4.0	2.0	2.0	2.0
Dynamic range	3.5	4.0	3.5	3.0	5.0	1.5	5.0	5.5	5.0	5.0	4.0	4.0	5.5	4.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	3.5
Cineradiography
Tube potential [kV]	74.0	73.0	68.0	80.0	74.0	76.0	74.0	73.0	74.0	74.0	72.4	68.3	70.0	76.2	68.0	71.0	68.0	71.0
Frame rate [frames/s]	15.0	15.0	12.5	12.5	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	10.0	10.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0	15.0
Additional filtration [mm]	1.8 Al	1.8 Al	1.0 Al	‐	0.03 Ta	0.3 Cu	1.8 Al	1.8 Al	1.8 Al	1.8 Al	0.1 Cu	0.1 Cu	$1.0\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.01\hspace{0.17em}\text{Au}$	0.1 Cu	$1.5\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.01\hspace{0.17em}\text{Au}$	1.8 Al	$1.0\hspace{0.17em}\text{Al}+0.4\hspace{0.17em}\text{Cu}$	0.1 Cu
Entrance dose [mGy/lOs]	16.3	16.6	24.7	28.1	44.5	6.3	41.3	37.8	49.3	17.6	5.1	9.9	19.1	23.2	27.2	29.5	27.1	19.4
Frame dose [mGy/frame]	0.109	0.111	0.198	0.225	0.297	0.042	0.275	0.252	0.329	0.117	0.051	0.099	0.127	0.155	0.181	0.197	0.181	0.129
Image quality score
Spatial resolution	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.0	6.0	7.0	6.0	6.0	5.0	5.0	5.0	4.5	5.0	5.0	5.0	5.0
Low contrast detectabiliry	3.0	3.5	4.0	3.5	4.0	2.0	5.0	5.5	4.5	4.0	3.5	4.0	3.0	4.0	4.5	3.5	3.5	4.0
Dynamic range	5.0	6.5	7.0	3.5	7.0	4.0	10.5	10.0	7.0	7.5	4.5	4.5	7.0	6.0	7.5	6.5	6.5	6.5

$\text{FPD}=\mathrm{\text{flat}}‐\mathrm{\text{panel}}\hspace{0.17em}\text{detector}$; $\mathrm{I}.\mathrm{I}.=\text{image intensifier}$; $\text{Cu}=\text{copper}$; $\text{Al}=\text{aluminium}$; $\text{Ta}=\text{tantalum}$; $\text{Au}=\text{gold}$.