Table 3.

Effect of T. avellanedae aqueous extract (AE, 100, 200, and 400 mg/Kg) and morphine at the formalin 1% test. The results of the AE at the analgesia model induced by formalin are shown as the median of the time, which each mouse spent licking its posterior left paw after administration of formalin (1%) and its respective percentage. The AE (200 and 400 mg/Kg) significantly reduced the second phase of the formalin test.

		1st phase		2nd phase
Treatment	Dose (mg/Kg)	Median	%	Median	%
Control	-	58.5	-	36	-
Morphine (i.p.)	7.5	10.5a	87	0a	81.8
AE (p.o.)	100	45	38	16	28.5
AE (p.o.)	200	43	43.1	6a	49.3
AE (p.o.)	400	38	43.1	1a	53.7
Morphine (i.p.)+Naloxone (i.p.)	5	55.5	16.5	18a	33.8
Naloxone (i.p.)+AE400	5	37a	62.8	3a	71.4
Caffeine (i.p.)+AE400	10	44a	55	26.5	19.8

%, pain reaction time inhibition percentage. ^ap < 0.05 compared to control (Kruskal-Wallis, followed by Nemenyi), AE400, aqueous extract 400 mg/Kg.