Table 5. Weight parameters by breakfast pattern in children 2–18 years of age participating in 2001–2008 NHANES.
| % | Pattern | Weight (kg) | BMI | BMI z-score | Overweight | Obese | Overweight/Obese | |
| LSM±SE | LSM±SE | LSM±SE | %±SE | %±SE | %±SE | |||
| 1 | 21.81 | Gr/LFM/Sweets/FJ | 42.4±0.4* | 19.7±0.1* | 0.4±0.04* | 16±1 | 14±1 | 30±2 |
| 2 | 18.65 | No Breakfast | 44.9±0.5 | 20.6±0.2 | 0.6±0.04 | 17±1 | 19±1 | 36±2 |
| 3 | 15.17 | PSRTEC/LFM | 43.3±0.5 | 19.9±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 16±2 | 16±2 | 32±2 |
| 4 | 8.20 | Gr | 43.7±0.8 | 20.1±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 19±2 | 17±2 | 36±3 |
| 5 | 6.67 | Eggs/Gr/MPF/FJ | 44.6±0.7 | 20.4±0.2 | 0.5±0.1 | 13±2 | 19±2 | 32±2 |
| 6 | 6.53 | PSRTEC/whole milk | 41.4±0.7* | 19.3±0.3* | 0.2±0.1* | 10±1* | 14±2 | 25±3* |
| 7 | 6.10 | RTEC/LFM | 42.6±0.8 | 19.8±0.3 | 0.4±0.1 | 11±2* | 15±2 | 26±3* |
| 8 | 5.87 | Soft Drinks/FJ/Gr/Potatoes | 43.1±0.7 | 20.0±0.2 | 0.4±0.1* | 15±2 | 14±2 | 29±2 |
| 9 | 4.14 | RTEC/Whole Milk | 41.5±0.4* | 19.3±0.2* | 0.2±0.1* | 13±2 | 10±2* | 23±2* |
| 10 | 3.54 | MPF/Gr/FJ | 42.8±0.9 | 20.0±0.4 | 0.4±0.1 | 13±2 | 18±3* | 30±4 |
| 11 | 2.52 | Cooked Cereal/Milk/FJ | 41.4±0.7* | 19.4±0.2* | 0.3±0.1* | 16±4 | 8±1 | 23±4* |
| 12 | 0.79 | Whole Fruit | 45.5±1.8 | 20.1±0.5 | 0.6±0.2 | 21±5 | 15±4 | 36±7 |
Covariates: age, gender, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio grouped into three categories as (< 1.25, 1.25–3.49, and >3.49), current physical activity level (sedentary, moderate and vigorous), alcohol intake (g/d), and energy
* = significantly different from no breakfast at p< 0.0042
Abbreviations: LSM = least square mean; SE = standard error; Gr = grain; LFM = lower fat milk; FJ = fruit juice; PSRTEC = pre-sweetened ready-to-eat cereal; MPF = meat, poultry, fish; RTEC = ready-to-eat cereal