Figure 2. The Atg9 mutant flies display shortened lifespan, locomotor defects and decreased stress tolerance.

(A) Both Atg7 and Atg9 mutant flies showed shortened lifespan compared with control (Log-rank test, p<0.001). Comparing with Atg7 mutant, Atg9 mutant flies exhibited dramatically shortened lifespan. (B) Climbing analysis showed that Atg9 mutant exhibit decreased climbing activity in both male and female flies, compared with controls (***p<0.001). The locomotion defects can be rescued by expressing the Atg9 genomic rescue construct. (C–D) Both male and female Atg9 mutant flies die faster than control flies under complete starvation conditions (Log-rank test, p<0.001) or on paraquat treatment (Log-rank test, p<0.001).