Fig. 3.

Co-targeting Ral-Fum hybrids have anti-NFκB activity in breast cancer cells. a MCF-7 cells were transfected with NFκB-RE and renilla reporter plasmids. Cells were then pretreated with various concentrations of drugs for 1 h, followed by TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 4 h to activate the NFκB pathway. Each drug’s inhibitory activity was calculated as percentage of TNFα alone, which is set to 100%. b MCF-7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of drugs for 1 h, followed by TNFα (10 ng/mL) for 2 h to activate the NFκB pathway. mRNA expression of ICAM1 was measured by RT-QPCR. Each drug’s inhibitory activity was calculated as percentage of TNFα alone, which is set to 100%. IC₅₀s are calculated with GraphPad Prism software