Fig. 6.

Co-targeting Ral-Fum hybrids block proliferation, clonogenic growth, and mammosphere formation of breast cancer cells. a MCF-7 cells were treated with various drug concentrations in the presence of E2 (10 nM) for 72 h. Each drug’s inhibitory activity was calculated as percentage of E2 alone, which is set to 100%. b MCF-7 cells are seeded as single cells in estrogenized growth media (GM), and then treated with the indicated concentration every 3–4 days for 2 weeks. Colonies were stained and quantified with ImageJ. Each drug’s inhibitory activity was calculated as percentage of GM alone, which is set to 100%. c MCF-7 cells were seeded as single cells on low attachment plates in MS media. DMSO (Veh) or drugs were added next day, and 7 days later the number of MS (MS >75 μm in diameter) was quantified. Double asterisks indicate (**) P < 0.01