Table 1. Vector species naturally infected by ZIKV or studied experimentally for their ZIKV competence.
| Vector species | Vector competence assay | Field studies with natural ZIKV infection | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Competent | Not competent | Infected | Not infected | |
| Culicidae: Anophelinae | ||||
| Anopheles brohieri | [20] | |||
| Anopheles coustani | [19,21] | [20,22] | ||
| Anopheles funestus | [20,22,23] | |||
| Anopheles gambiae | [24] | [21] | [20,22,23,25] | |
| Anopheles nili | [20,22] | |||
| Anopheles rufipes | [21,26] | |||
| Anopheles stephensi | [24] | |||
| Culicidae: Culicinae: Aedini | ||||
| Aedes aegypti | [27–53] | [54,55] | [19,21,26,56–59] | [22,23,25,60,61] |
| Aedes africanus | [1,19,21,62–67] | [22,23,68] | ||
| Aedes albopictus | [30,32,35,42,46–48,51,69] | [25] | [56,58,59] | |
| Aedes apicoargenteus | [65] | |||
| Aedes argenteopunctatus | [20–22,60] | |||
| Aedes camptorhynchus | [51] | |||
| Aedes circumluteolus | [22] | |||
| Aedes cozi | [60] | |||
| Aedes cumminsii | [22,60] | |||
| Aedes dalzieli | [19–21,26,60] | |||
| Aedes fowleri | [21,26] | [22] | ||
| Aedes furcifer | [19,21,22,26,57,60,67] | |||
| Aedes hensilli | [4,61] | |||
| Aedes hirsutus | [19] | [22] | ||
| Aedes ingrami | [63] | |||
| Aedes luteocephalus | [55] | [19–23,26,60,67] | ||
| Aedes metallicus | [19,21] | [22] | ||
| Aedes minutus | [21,26] | [20] | ||
| Aedes neoafricanus | [21,26] | [20,60] | ||
| Aedes notoscriptus | [51] | [38] | ||
| Aedes opok | [22,66,68] | [57,60] | ||
| Aedes palpale* | [22] | |||
| Aedes polynesiensis | [31] | |||
| Aedes procax | [38] | |||
| Aedes simpsoni | [23,25] | |||
| Aedes taeniorhynchus | [70] | |||
| Aedes tarsalis | [22] | |||
| Aedes taylori | [19,21,26] | [60] | ||
| Aedes triseriatus | [35] | |||
| Aedes unilineatus | [55] | [19] | [22,60] | |
| Aedes vexans | [71,72] | [61] | ||
| Aedes vigilax | [38] | |||
| Aedes vittatus | [55] | [19–21,26,57] | [22,23,60] | |
| Culicidae: Culicinae: Culicini | ||||
| Culex annulioris | [22,63] | |||
| Culex annulirostris | [38,51] | |||
| Culex bitaeniorhynchus* | [21,26] | |||
| Culex cinereus | [22] | |||
| Culex duttoni | [23] | |||
| Culex gossi | [61] | |||
| Culex molestus | [42] | |||
| Culex nebulosus | [23] | |||
| Culex nigropunctatus | [61] | |||
| Culex perfuscus | [19] | [26] | ||
| Culex pipiens | [33,35,39,42,49,73,74] | |||
| Culex poicilipes | [21,22] | |||
| Culex quinquefasciatus* | [37,75] | [24,36,38,39,43,46,48, 49,51,70,73,74] | [49], [50], [55], [61], [63], [64] | |
| Culex sitiens | [38] | [61] | ||
| Culex tarsalis | [39] | |||
| Culex torrentium | [42] | |||
| Lutzia fuscana | [61] | |||
| Lutzia tigripes* | [23] | |||
| Culicidae: Culicinae: Mansoniini | ||||
| Coquillettidia aurites* | [63] | |||
| Coquillettidia crassipes | [61] | |||
| Coquillettidia cristata | [22] | |||
| Mansonia africana | [21,22,25] | |||
| Mansonia uniformis | [19–21] | [23,25] | ||
| Culicidae: Culicinae: Sabethini | ||||
| Eretmapodites chrysogaster | [22] | |||
| Eretmapodites quinquevittatus | [25] | |||
| Culicidae: Culicinae: Uranotaeniini | ||||
| Uranotaenia balfouri | [21] | |||
| Tabanidae | ||||
| Chrysops centurionis | [63] | |||
In the literature cited, samples with pools containing more than 1 species were excluded. Species are ranked alphabetically by family, subfamily, tribe, and genus.
*Aedes palpale was formerly called Aedes palpalis, Culex quinquefasciatus was formerly called Culex pipiens fatigans, Lutzia tigripes was formerly called Culex tigripes, Culex bitaeniorhynchus was formerly called Culex ethiopicus, and Coquillettidia aurites was formerly called Mansonia aurites.
Abbreviation: ZIKV, Zika virus.