Figure 2. TIPE2 is required for chemoattractant-induced leukocyte polarization.
(a) Time-lapse confocal microscopy for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 distribution in control dHL-60C and TIPE2-deficient dHL-60T neutrophils subjected to point-source stimulation with CXCL8 over the indicated times. The PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 distribution was probed with eGFP-GRP1-PH domain; results are presented as degree of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 polarization. Values represent means ± SD. The experiments were repeated two times, n ≥ 45. (b-g) Confocal microscopy for the indicated molecules in wild-type (WT) and Tipe2−/− bone marrow neutrophils subjected to point-source stimulations with CXCL8. Panels b, d and f show representative images of each cell types (scale bars are 5 µm), whereas panels c, e, and g show the percentages of cells with polarized (pol) or unpolarized (unpol) distributions of the indicated molecules in each cell type. The experiments were repeated three times, n ≥ 30. ***, P < 0.0001.
