Table 1. General Characteristics of Study Subjects.
| Variable | NTG Substudy (SubStudy 1) (n=26) | BeetRoot Study (SubStudy 2) (n=16) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR) | 60 (56, 65) | 65 (62.5, 70.5) | 0.10 |
| Male, n (%) | 20 (76.9) | 14 (87.5) | 0.68 |
| Race | 0.15 | ||
| African-American, n (%) | 16 (61.5) | 14 (87.5) | |
| Caucasian, n (%) | 9 (34.6) | 2 (12.5) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 36.5 (6.5) | 34.4 (3.5) | 0.24 |
| Obesity (BMI>30 kg/m2), n (%) | 22 (84.6) | 15 (93.8) | 0.63 |
| Current Smoker, n (%) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (6.3) | 0.63 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 24 (92.3) | 16 (100) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 17 (65.4) | 11 (68.8) | 0.82 |
| Coronary Artery Disease, n (%) | 8 (30.8) | 3 (18.8) | 0.49 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease (eGFR<60 ml/min/1.73m2) | 9 (34.6) | 5 (31.3) | 0.82 |
| Drug Therapy, n (%) | |||
| Beta Blocker | 14 (53.9) | 10 (62.5) | 0.58 |
| ACE-Inhibitor/ARB | 18 (69.2) | 10 (62.5) | 0.65 |
| Calcium-Channel Blocker | 14 (53.9) | 7 (43.8) | 0.53 |
| Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist | 0 (0) | 1 (6.3) | 0.38 |
| Statin | 15 (57.7) | 9 (56.3) | 0.93 |
| Aspirin | 17 (65.4) | 14 (87.5) | 0.16 |
| Thiazide | 14 (53.9) | 4 (25.0) | 0.07 |
| Loop Diuretics | 13 (50.0) | 6 (37.5) | 0.43 |
| Laboratory Data | |||
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), median (IQR) | 74.1 (53.5, 95.4) | 65.5 (52.4, 89.5) | 0.95 |
| Echocardiography | |||
| Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (%), median (IQR) | 57.4 (55.0, 65.5) | 62.4 (57.5, 69.8) | 0.30 |
| Left Atrial Volume Index (mL/m2), mean (SD) | 30.3 (10.9) | 35.7 (10.9) | 0.13 |
| Mitral E-wave velocity (cm/s), mean (SD) | 81.8 (24.9) | 71.7 (16.4) | 0.16 |
| Mitral A-wave velocity (cm/s), mean (SD) | 79.2 (24.6) | 73.3 (24.2) | 0.45 |
| Mitral Septal Tissue Doppler Velocity (e', cm/s), mean (SD) | 6.6 (2.2) | 6.5 (1.7) | 0.88 |
| Mitral E/e' Ratio, median (IQR) | 12.8 (11.0, 14.4) | 11.4 (9.2, 13.3) | 0.17 |
| Tricuspid Annular Systolic Excursion (cm), median (IQR) | 2.3 (2.1, 2.6) | 2.6 (2.1, 2.8) | 0.44 |
| TAPSE <1.6 cm, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Peak Gradient (mmHg), mean (SD) † | 31.8 (3.7) | 27.9 (8.9) | 0.054 |
| LVEDd (cm), mean (SD) | 4.8 (0.6) | 4.5 (0.6) | 0.12 |
| LV mass (g), median (IQR) | 243.7 (214.1, 318.3) | 236.6 (183.2, 275.2) | 0.62 |
| LV mass indexed to height (g/m1.7) | 96.9 (71.7,114.1) | 91.6 (70.7,102.8) | 0.39 |
| LV mass indexed to BSA (g/m2) | 109 (23.5) | 106.3 (37.6) | 0.77 |
| Relative wall thickness, median (IQR) | 0.52 (0.47, 0.58) | 0.59 (0.54, 0.66) | 0.041 |
| NT-pro BNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 250.5 (90.5, 510.6) | 148.0 (61.7, 272.5) | 0.16 |
| Ejection duration (ms) | 318 (28) | 330 (35) | 0.22 |
*
eGFR was calculated using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation
†
Could be assessed reliably from the tricuspid regurgitation envelope in only 9 subjects in sub-study 1 and 7 subjects in sub-study 2.