Fig. 2.
Current-time trace and statistics for sensing proteins bound to a modified carrier. Translocation and statistics for a 100 pM of unmodified λ-DNA, b 100 pM aptamer modified λ-DNA (1:1 ratio after filtration), c 100 pM aptamer modified λ-DNA with two probes for the detection of thrombin (1.6 nM each), d 100 pM aptamer modified λ-DNA with three probes for the detection of three thrombin targets (1.6 nM each). All experiments were performed in 100 mM KCl and at a voltage of −200 mV, taken using 4 different nanopipettes for each sample and re-filtered to 5 kHz. Typical individual translocation events are shown with the contribution due to the DNA carrier labelled as “1st step” and the protein contribution labelled as “2nd step”. Scatter plots shown in (iv) clearly indicate binding of protein due to the substantial increase in translocation times and current blockades and corresponding sub-peaks as shown in (iii)