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. 2017 Oct 25;12(8):1167–1173. doi: 10.1007/s11739-017-1762-1

Table 1.

Participants’ characteristics expressed as mean ± SD or as a percentage as appropriate for continuous or ordinal variables

Mean ± SD (%)
Age (years) 92.9 ± 3.1
Gender (%woman) 71
Hemoglobin (g/dl) 12.8 ± 1.5
Handgrip (kg) 14.6 ± 7.0
BMI (kg/m2) 25.5 ± 4.7
SPS (score) 2.9 ± 3.8
nADL (score) 5.5 ± 4.5
Score physical activity (score) 0.7 ± 0.9
BADL (%Y)
 Eating 7
 Dressing 40
 Taking a shower 63
 Using the toilet 31
 Moving from chair to bed and vice versa 29
 Incontinence 62
IADL (% Y)
 Using the telephone 29
 Shopping 57
 Cooking 39
 Doing light housework 41
 Doing heavy housework 68
 Doing laundry 50
 Using public transport 48
 Managing medication 49
 Keeping track of finances 43
 Washing 18
 Walking upstairs 42
 Move from one room to another 28
 Walking on a flat floor 29