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. 2017 Nov 16;7:15709. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15955-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Relationship between maize-associated (A) bacterial (16S) and (B) fungal (ITS2) communities and seedling vigor measurements of maize plants grown in soils preceded by different crops under infestation with F. graminearum. Ordination plots of analyzed samples were generated through canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of microbial data against plant measurements, for n = 6 plant samples per soil provenance (color) and infestation (shape) treatment combination. The percentage of variation explained by each of the canonical axis is shown. Vectors display plant variables considered in the analysis. Plant nutrients: C, N, S, P, Cu, Fe, K, Zn, Ca, B, Mg, Mn. Germination refers to total germination at the time of sampling, and G_d4, germination at day 4. Root_damage score was calculated based on % root damage (see Material and Methods). dw, shoot dry weight. Root architecture measures: rl = root length, rd = root diameter, rv = root volume, rs = root surface area, rf = number of root forks, rc = number of root crossings.