Differentiation of distinct M1‐ and M2‐like macrophages. (A) Gene expression profile of M‐CSF/IL‐4 BMMs as compared to GM‐CSF BMMs. M1‐like and M2‐like macrophages were generated using GM‐CSF and M‐CSF/IL‐4, respectively, over 8 days, and relative gene expression was measured by q/RT‐PCR. Mean ± SEM of triplicate samples from four independent experiments are shown. (B) Forward light scatter (FSC)—side light scatter (SSC) blots, macrophages were identified as CD11b positive cells. Cell surface expression of CD86, MHC II, F4/80, CD115, CD206, and Mincle on day 8 GM‐CSF and M‐CSF/IL‐4 differentiated BMMs as measured by flow cytometry. Unstained cells were used as a staining control for CD11b, MHC II, CD86, F4/80, CD115 and CD206, Mincle−/− BMMs were used as a staining control for Mincle. Mean ± SEM of triplicate samples from at least three independent experiments are shown. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.005; ****P ≤ 0.001 (two‐tailed Student's t‐test).