Table 3.
Quality assessment of included studies.
| References | Validity Rating | Overall Rating | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | ||
| Coombes & McNaughton (2000) [31] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | ø |
| Fouré et al. (2016) [32] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | + |
| Gee & Deniel (2016) [33] | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | ø |
| Greer et al. (2007) [34] | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | – |
| Howatson et al. (2012) [35] | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | + |
| Jackman et al. (2010) [36] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | + |
| Kephart et al. (2016) [37] | Y | Y | Y | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | + |
| Matsumoto et al. (2007) [38] | Y | N | N | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | ø |
| Ra et al. (2013) [39] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | + |
| Shimomura et al. (2010) [40] | Y | Y | N | N | N | N | Y | N | Y | N | – |
| Waldron et al. (2017) [41] | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | + |
| Total | 11 | 10 | 6 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 11 | 7 | 11 | 7 | |
Validity items: 1 research question stated; 2 subject selection free from bias; 3 comparable study groups; 4 method for withdrawals described; 5 blinding used; 6 interventions described; 7 outcomes stated, measurements valid and reliable; 8 appropriate statistical analysis; 9 appropriate conclusions, limitations described; 10 funding and sponsorship free from bias. Validity items 2, 3, 6, 7 must be satisfied for a positive quality rating. Y: yes, N: no, +: positive, ø: neutral, –: negative.