BLE and TE effect on proteins markers for apoptosis in HCA-7 cell line. (a) Western blot” Cells were treated for 24 h with bay leaf (BLE 15 μg GAE/mL), turmeric (TE 10 μg GAE/mL), and Etoposide 25 μM, which was used as a positive control for caspase-3 activation. (a) Quantitative analysis of Western blot bands. Protein expression was normalised against β-Actin and expressed relative to untreated control, where control is 100%; (b) Untreated control contained just DMEM with 10% FBS (vehicle control–ethanol was 0.4% (v/v), the highest amount found in the extracts). Bay leaf in ethanol (BLE), turmeric in ethanol (TE), n = 3, ±SEM.