Table 3.

Effects of dietary anthocyanins on obesity and inflammation (clinical study).

Food Sources	Bioactives Dose of Anthocyanins	Subject Duration	Metabolic Marker	Inflammatory Marker	Ref.
Black soybean	cyanidin				[73]
	(3-glucosides)	BMI > 23
	delphinidin	WC > 90 for male	TG ↓	TNF-α ↓
	(3-glucoside)	WC > 85 for female	cholesterol ↓	MCP-1 ↓
	petunidin	For 8 weeks	LDL ↓
	(3-glucoside)
	31.48 mg/day
Red orange juice	Anthocyanin mixture 250 mg/day	average BMI = 34.4 ± 4.8 for 12 weeks	Δ leptin ↓	CRP ↓	[74]
			Δ adiponectin ↓	TNF-α ↓
Red-fleshed sweet orange juice	anthocyanin mixture 750 mL/day	age 23–59 BMI 18.5–24.986.4/74.6	cholesterol ↓	CRP↓	[75]

BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumstance; CRP: C-reactive protein; Δ: incremental change.