Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristics | Men | Women | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-Overweight | Overweight | Non-Overweight | Overweight | |||||||||
| Placebo n = 5 |
Piceatannol n = 5 |
p value | Placebo n = 5 |
Piceatannol n = 5 |
p value | Placebo n = 5 |
Piceatannol n = 5 |
p value | Placebo n = 4 |
Piceatannol n = 5 |
p Value | |
| Age (year) | 38.8 ± 11.1 | 31.6 ± 4.4 | 0.3457 | 36.4 ± 5.5 | 32.0 ± 6.8 | 0.1732 | 38.0 ± 7.5 | 34.0 ± 7.6 | 0.2087 | 40.5 ± 14.5 | 39.8 ± 9.5 | 1.0000 |
| Body weight (kg) | 66.3 ± 3.4 | 64.3 ± 4.5 | 0.6761 | 79.1 ± 6.1 | 75.4 ± 4.3 | 0.2963 | 48.5 ± 4.9 | 50.4 ± 3.2 | 0.3457 | 63.6 ± 9.3 | 70.2 ± 7.0 | 0.1779 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 2.1 | 21.8 ± 1.6 | 1.0000 | 28.0 ± 0.9 | 26.9 ± 1.1 | 0.2087 | 20.5 ± 1.6 | 19.2 ± 1.5 | 0.1437 | 26.5 ± 2.7 | 28.0 ± 3.0 | 0.9009 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 124.2 ± 11.3 | 119.8 ± 14.5 | 0.6761 | 120.6 ± 8.7 | 131.4 ± 8.9 | 0.1425 | 112.4 ± 10.7 | 112.4 ± 3.6 | 0.8237 | 121.0 ± 19.5 | 117.2 ± 22.7 | 0.8057 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.4 ± 12.1 | 68.8 ± 9.3 | 0.1732 | 77.0 ± 12.2 | 85.6 ± 6.5 | 0.2101 | 70.4 ± 9.8 | 72.8 ± 6.4 | 0.6723 | 75.0 ± 13.0 | 66.6 ± 9.0 | 0.3893 |
| Heart rate (/min) | 61.6 ± 12.1 | 62.0 ± 11.0 | 0.9166 | 58.0 ± 8.2 | 67.6 ± 5.3 | 0.6733 | 71.4 ± 13.4 | 73.6 ± 11.8 | 0.6004 | 66.5 ± 4.4 | 58.0 ± 10.0 | 0.1099 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 93.2 ± 5.6 | 88.4 ± 7.1 | 0.4005 | 94.2 ± 5.2 | 91.0 ± 14.2 | 0.1437 | 90.0 ± 6.1 | 81.6 ± 7.2 | 0.0947 | 96.0 ± 14.2 | 88.4 ± 7.7 | 0.3832 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 5.2 ± 3.3 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 0.5309 | 6.1 ± 1.0 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 0.0367 | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 5.5 ± 3.1 | 0.8345 | 7.5 ± 3.1 | 6.6 ± 2.2 | 0.7133 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.2 | 5.2 ± 0.2 | 0.0439 | 5.5 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 0.2017 | 5.4 ± 0.3 | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0000 | 5.7 ± 0.4 | 5.7 ± 0.3 | 0.8049 |
| Glycated albumin (%) | 14.2 ± 0.9 | 13.7 ± 1.1 | 0.5309 | 12.9 ± 0.5 | 13.3 ± 1.9 | 0.9163 | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 14.4 ± 1.6 | 1.0000 | 13.5 ± 1.2 | 13.3 ± 0.4 | 1.0000 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 188.8 ± 33.6 | 173.6 ± 15.1 | 0.4633 | 210.0 ± 43.8 | 243.2 ± 55.7 | 0.4034 | 181.4 ± 32.6 | 185.6 ± 31.0 | 0.6761 | 223.8 ± 26.5 | 210.8 ± 20.1 | 0.3893 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 59.6 ± 10.1 | 60.6 ± 16.3 | 1.0000 | 58.2 ± 14.4 | 54.4 ± 10.8 | 0.7526 | 70.6 ± 25.6 | 71.2 ± 8.9 | 0.5296 | 61.3 ± 12.9 | 54.0 ± 18.1 | 0.4606 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 85.2 ± 40.9 | 66.8 ± 37.2 | 0.4620 | 98.6 ± 42.9 | 181.0 ± 66.4 | 0.0367 | 48.8 ± 13.9 | 39.4 ± 10.7 | 0.2087 | 102.0 ± 29.0 | 92.0 ± 44.8 | 0.9025 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 109.8 ± 29.2 | 92.4 ± 9.4 | 0.4034 | 129.8 ± 28.8 | 151.0 ± 56.0 | 0.5309 | 93.2 ± 32.0 | 97.6 ± 20.8 | 0.8345 | 136.5 ± 22.8 | 131.2 ± 21.9 | 0.7133 |
| AST (U/L) | 22.6 ± 6.6 | 18.2 ± 2.6 | 0.2031 | 22.0 ± 6.7 | 34.4 ± 21.1 | 0.2477 | 15.4 ± 0.9 | 19.4 ± 6.7 | 0.2343 | 26.3 ± 10.4 | 17.6 ± 2.3 | 0.3873 |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.8 ± 22.2 | 16.4 ± 6.2 | 0.3443 | 31.8 ± 9.9 | 50.4 ± 31.3 | 0.2087 | 12.6 ± 2.4 | 18.8 ± 12.3 | 0.4633 | 34.5 ± 18.2 | 20.0 ± 8.2 | 0.1779 |
| γ-GTP (U/L) | 32.6 ± 14.8 | 29.4 ± 27.2 | 0.5309 | 74.6 ± 73.6 | 106.2 ± 99.6 | 0.2101 | 19.8 ± 6.8 | 17.0 ± 6.3 | 0.4578 | 38.8 ± 22.3 | 18.2 ± 6.5 | 0.1400 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 0.3398 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | 1.0000 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 0.6 ± 0.0 | 1.0000 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.8057 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 77.2 ± 11.2 | 88.4 ± 11.1 | 0.2101 | 85.3 ± 6.7 | 89.8 ± 9.9 | 1.0000 | 85.2 ± 9.3 | 88.8 ± 9.7 | 0.5309 | 86.6 ± 23.9 | 88.0 ± 15.3 | 0.7133 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.5 ± 1.8 | 6.3 ± 0.6 | 0.1719 | 6.7 ± 1.1 | 6.9 ± 0.6 | 1.0000 | 4.1 ± 0.8 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | 0.6761 | 5.1 ± 1.3 | 4.8 ± 0.4 | 0.7133 |